The development of a miniaturised balloon-borne cloud water sampler and its first deployment in the high Arctic
References
- Allan, J. , Williams, P. , Najera, J. , Whitehead, J. , Flynn, M. and co-authors. 2015. Iodine observed in new particle formation events in the Arctic atmosphere during ACCACIA. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 , 5599–5609. doi:10.5194/acp-15-5599-2015
- Baccarini, A. , Karlsson, L. , Dommen, J. , Duplessis, P. , Vüllers, J. and co-authors. 2020. Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions. Nat. Commun. 11 , 1–11.
- Best, A. 1951. Drop-size distribution in cloud and fog. Q. J. Royal Met. Soc. 77 , 418–426. doi:10.1002/qj.49707733307
- Burkard, R. , Bützberger, P. and Eugster, W. 2003. Vertical fogwater flux measurements above an elevated forest canopy at the Lägeren research site, Switzerland. Atmos. Environ. 37 , 2979–2990. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00254-1
- Collett, J. , Iovinelli, R. and Demoz, B. 1995. A three-stage cloud impactor for size-resolved measurement of cloud drop chemistry. Atmos. Environ. 29 , 1145–1154. doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)00338-L
-
Collett, J. L.,
Jr. , Daube, B. C.,Jr. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1990. The chemical composition of intercepted cloudwater in the Sierra Nevada. Atmos. Environ. Part A. 24 , 959–972. doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90298-2 -
Daube, B. C.,
Jr. , Flagan, R. C. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1987. Active cloudwater collector. US Patent 4,697,462. - Demoz, B. , Collett, J. and Daube, B. 1996. On the Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collectors. Atmos. Res. 41 , 47–62. doi:10.1016/0169-8095(95)00044-5
- Hering, S. V. , Blumenthal, D. L. , Brewer, R. L. , Gertler, A. , Hoffmann, M. and co-authors. 1987. Field intercomparison of five types of fog water collectors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21 , 654–663. doi:10.1021/es00161a006
- Kumai, M. 1973. Arctic fog droplet size distribution and its effect on light attenuation. J. Atmos. Sci. 30 , 635–643. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<;0635:AFDSDA>2.0.CO;2
- Lawler, M. J. , Whitehead, J. , O’Dowd, C. , Monahan, C. , McFiggans, G. and co-authors. 2014. Composition of 15–85 nm particles in marine air. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14 , 11557–11569. doi:10.5194/acp-14-11557-2014
- Leck, C. , Norman, M. , Bigg, E. and Hillamo, R. 2002. Chemical composition and sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for cloud formation. J. Geophys. Res 107 , AAC 1–1–AAC 1-17.
- Leck, C. and Svensson, E. 2015. Importance of aerosol composition and mixing state for cloud droplet activation over the Arctic pack ice in summer. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 , 2545–2568. doi:10.5194/acp-15-2545-2015
- Michna, P. , Schenk, J. , Werner, R. A. and Eugster, W. 2013. MiniCASCC – A battery driven fog collector for ecosystem research. Atmos. Res. 128 , 24–34. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.02.009
- Monger, J. W. , Collett, J. , Daube, B. and Hoffmann, M. R. 1989. Chemical composition of coastal stratus clouds: Dependence on droplet size and distance from the coast. Atmos. Environ. 23 , 2305–2320. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90192-3
- O’Sullivan, D. , Adams, M. , Tarn, M. , Harrison, A. , Vergara-Temprado, J. and co-authors. 2018. Contributions of biogenic material to the atmospheric ice-nucleating particle population in North Western Europe. Sci. Rep. 8 , 13821. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31981-7
- Petters, M. and Wright, T. 2015. Revisiting ice nucleation from precipitation samples. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 , 8758–8766. doi:10.1002/2015GL065733
- Roman, P. , Polkowska, Ż. and Namieśnik, J. 2013. Sampling procedures in studies of cloud water composition: A review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 , 1517–1555. doi:10.1080/10643389.2011.647794
- Skarżyńska, K. , Polkowska, Ż. , and Namieśnik, J. 2006. Sampling of atmospheric precipitation and deposits for analysis of atmospheric pollution. J. Automat. Methods Manage. Chem. 2006 , 1–19. doi:10.1155/JAMMC/2006/26908
- Stumm, W. and Morgan, J. J. 1981. Aquatic Chemistry: An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters . New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
- Whale, T. F. , Murray, B. J. , O’Sullivan, D. , Wilson, T. W. , Umo, N. S. and co-authors. 2015. A technique for quantifying heterogeneous ice nucleation in microlitre supercooled water droplets. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8 , 2437–2447. doi:10.5194/amt-8-2437-2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2021.1915614 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 1915614 - 1915614
Published on: Jan 1, 2021
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2021 Julika Zinke, Matthew E. Salter, Caroline Leck, Michael J. Lawler, Grace C. E. Porter, Michael P. Adams, Ian M. Brooks, Benjamin J. Murray, Paul Zieger, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.