
Greenhouse gas observation network design for Africa
References
- Abdi, A. M. , Vrieling, A. , Yengoh, G. T. , Anyamba, A. , Seaquist, J. W. and co-authors. 2016. The El Niño - La Niña cycle and recent trends in supple and demand of net primary productivity in African drylands. Clim. Change 138 , 111–125. doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1730-1
- Aubinet, M. 2000. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Adv. Ecol. Res. 30 , 113–175.
- Baker, D. F. , Law, R. M. , Gurney, K. R. , Rayner, P. , Peylin, P. and co-authors . 2006. TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO2 fluxes, 1988. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 20 , 2003.
- Beck, J. , López-Ballesteros, A. , Hugo, W. , Scholes, R. , Saunders, M. and co-authors. 2019. Development of a climate forcing observation system for Africa: data-related considerations. Codata. 18 , 42. doi:10.5334/dsj-2019-042
- Bergamaschi, P. , Corazza, M. , Karstens, U. , Athanassiadou, M. , Thompson, R. L. and co-authors. 2015. Top-down estimates of European CH4 and N2O emissions based on four different inverse models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 , 715–736. doi:10.5194/acp-15-715-2015
- Bloom, A. A. , Bowman, K. W. , Lee, M. , Turner, A. J. , Schroeder, R. and co-authors. 2017. A global wetland methane emissions and uncertainty dataset for atmospheric chemical transport models (WetCHARTs version 1.0). Geosci. Model Dev. 10 , 2141–2156. doi:10.5194/gmd-10-2141-2017
- Bloom, A. A. , Palmer, P. I. , Fraser, A. and Reay, D. S. 2012. Seasonal variability of tropical wetland CH4 emissions: the role of the methanogen-available carbon pool. Biogeosciences 9 , 2821–2830. doi:10.5194/bg-9-2821-2012
- Boden, T. A. , Marland, G. and Andres, R. J. 2017. Global, regional, and national fossil – fuel CO2 emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Online at: http://cdiac.essdive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/methreg.html V2017.
- Borges, A. V. , Darchambeau, F. , Teodoru, C. R. , Marwick, T. R. , Tamooh, F. and co-authors. 2015. Globally significant greenhouse-gas emissions from African inland waters. Nat. Geosci. 8 , 637–642. doi:10.1038/ngeo2486
- Bousquet, P. , Ciais, P. , Peylin, P. , Ramonet, M. and Monfray, P. 1999. Inverse modeling of annual atmospheric CO2 sources and sinks: 1. Method and control inversion. J. Geophys. Res. 104 , 26161–26178. doi:10.1029/1999JD900342
- Broquet, G. , Chevallier, F. , Bréon, F.-M. , Kadygrov, N. , Alemanno, M. and co-authors. 2013. Regional inversion of CO2 ecosystem fluxes from atmospheric measurements: reliability of the uncertainty estimates. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13 , 9039–9056. doi:10.5194/acp-13-9039-2013
- Carpenter, L. J. , Fleming, Z. L. , Read, K. A. , Lee, J. D. , Moller, S. J. and co-authors. 2010. Seasonal characteristics of tropical marine boundary layer air measured at the Cape Verde atmospheric observatory. J. Atmos. Chem. 67 , 87–140. doi:10.1007/s10874-011-9206-1
- Cerutti, P. O. , Sola, P. , Chenevoy, A. , Iiyama, M. , Yila, J. and co-authors . 2015. The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic map protocol. Environ. Evid. 4 , 12. doi:10.1186/s13750-015-0038-3
- Chevallier, F. , Ciais, P. , Conway, T. J. , Aalto, T. , Anderson, B. E. and co-authors. 2010. CO2 surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21 year reanalysis of atmospheric measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 115 , D21307. doi:10.1029/2010JD013887
- Chevallier, F. , Palmer, P. I. , Feng, L. , Boesch, H. , O'Dell, C. W. and co-authors. 2014. Toward robust and consistent regional CO2 flux estimates from in situ and spaceborne measurements of atmospheric CO2 . Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 , 1065–1070. doi:10.1002/2013GL058772
- Ciais, P. , Rayner, P. , Chevallier, F. , Bousquet, P. , Logan, M. and co-authors. 2010. Atmospheric inversions for estimating CO2 fluxes: methods and perspectives. Clim. Change 103 , 69–92. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9909-3
- Enting, I. G. 2002. Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport . Cambridge University Press, New York.
- Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V. 1989. Seasonal sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2: direct inversion of filtered data. Tellus B 41 , 111–126. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v41i2.15056
- Etminan, M. , Myhre, G. , Highwood, E. J. and Shine, K. P. 2016. Radiative forcing of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide: a significant revision of the methan radiative forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 , 12614–12623. doi:10.1002/2016GL071930
- Exbrayat, J.-F. , Pitman, A. J. , Abramowitz, G. and Wang, Y.-P. 2013. Sensitivity of net ecosystem exchange and heterotrophic respiration to parameterization uncertainty. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118 , 1640–1651. doi:10.1029/2012JD018122
- Fung, I. , John, J. , Lerner, J. , Matthews, E. , Prather, M. and co-authors. 1991. Three-dimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle. J. Geophys. Res. 96 , 13033–13065. doi:10.1029/91JD01247
- Ganesan, A. L. , Manning, A. J. , Grant, A. , Young, D. , Oram, D. E. and co-authors. 2015. Quantifying methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the UK and Ireland using a national-scale monitoring network. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 , 6393–6406. doi:10.5194/acp-15-6393-2015
- Gaudry, A. , Monfray, P. , Polian, G. , Bonsang, G. , Ardouin, B. and co-authors. 1991. Non-seasonal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at Amsterdam Island. Tellus B 43 , 136–143. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v43i2.15258
- Gomez-Pelaez, A. J. , Ramos, R. , Cuevas, E. , Gomez-Trueba, V. and Reyes, E. 2019. Atmospheric CO2, CH4, and CO with the CRDS technique at the Izanã Global GAW station: instrumental tests, developments, and first measurement results. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 12 , 2043–2066. doi:10.5194/amt-12-2043-2019
- Gurney, K. R. , Law, R. M. , Denning, A. S. , Rayner, P. J. , Baker, D. and co-authors . 2002. Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 405 , 626–630.
- Gurney, K. R. , Law, R. M. , Denning, A. S. , Rayner, P. J. , Baker, D. and co-authors. 2003. TransCom 3 CO2 inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux information. Tellus B 55 , 555–579. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16728
- Haszpra, L. , Barcza, Z. , Haszpra, T. , Pátkai, Z. and Davis, K. J. 2015. How well do tall-tower measurements characterize the CO2 mole fraction distribution in the planetary boundary layer? Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8 , 1657–1671. doi:10.5194/amt-8-1657-2015
- Howarth, R. W. 2019. Ideas and perspectives: is shale gas a major driver of recent increase in global atmospheric methane? Biogeosciences 16 , 3033–3046. doi:10.5194/bg-16-3033-2019
- ICOS ERIC . 2020. ICOS Handbook (K. Ahlgren & M. Keski-Nisula (eds.); 2020th–2nd ed. ICOS ERIC, Helsinki.
- Janssens-Maenhout, G. , Pagliari, V. , Guizzardi, D. and Muntean, M. 2012. Global Emission Inventories in the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) — Manual (I), Gridding: EDGAR Emissions Distribution on Global Gridmaps . Luxembourg: European Union, Joint Research Centre, 33 pp.
- Kaminski, T. , Heimann, M. and Giering, R. 1999. A coarse grid three dimensional global inverse model of the atmospheric transport, 2. Inversion of the transport of CO2 in the 1980s. J. Geophys. Res. 104 , 18555–18581. doi:10.1029/1999JD900146
- Kaminski, T. and Rayner, P. J. 2017. Reviews and syntheses: guiding the evolution of the observing system for the carbon cycle through quantitative network design. Biogeosciences 14 , 4755–4766. doi:10.5194/bg-14-4755-2017
- Kong, Y. , Chen, B. and Measho, S. 2019. Spatio-temporal consistency evaluation of XCO2 retrievals from GOSAT and OCO-2 based on TCCON and model data for joint utilization in carbon cycle research. Atmosphere 10 , 354. doi:10.3390/atmos10070354
- Kuppel, S. , Peylin, P. , Chevallier, F. , Bacour, C. , Maignan, F. and co-authors. 2012. Constraining a global ecosystem model with multisite eddy-covariance data. Biogeosciences 9 , 3757–3776. doi:10.5194/bg-9-3757-2012
- Labuschagne, C. , Kuyper, B. , Brunke, E.-G. , Mokolo, T. , van der Spuy, D. and co-authors. 2018. A review of four decades of atmospheric trace gas measurements at Cape Point, South Africa. Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 73 , 113–132. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2018.1477854
- Lauvaux, T. , Miles, N. L. , Deng, A. , Richardson, S. J. , Cambaliza, M. O. and co-authors. 2016. High-resolution atmospheric inversion of urban CO2 emissions during the dormant season of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX). J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 121 , 5213–5236. doi:10.1002/2015JD024473
- Lauvaux, T. , Schuh, A. E. , Uliasz, M. , Richardson, S. , Miles, N. and co-authors. 2012. Constraining the CO2 budget of the corn belt: exploring uncertainties from the assumptions in a mesoscale inverse system. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12 , 337–354. doi:10.5194/acp-12-337-2012
- Law, R. M. , Chen, Y. , Gurney, K. R. and Transcom 3 Modellers . 2003. TransCom 3 CO2 inversion intercomparison: 2. Sensitivity of annual mean results to data choices. Tellus B 55 , 580–595. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16736
- Le Quéré, C. , Andrew, R. M. , Friedlingstein, P. , Sitch, S. , Hauck, J. and co-authors . 2018. Global carbon budget 2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10 , 2141–2194. doi:10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
- Leip, A. , Skiba, U. , Vermeulen, A. and Thompson, R. 2018. A complete rethink is needed on how greenhouse gas emissions are quantified for national reporting. Atmos. Environ. 174 , 237–240. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.006
- Li, W. , Ciais, P. , Peng, S. , Yue, C. , Wang, Y. and co-authors. 2017. Landuse and land-cover change carbon emissions between 1901 and 2012 constrained by biomass observations. Biogeosciences 14 , 5053–5067. doi:10.5194/bg-14-5053-2017
- López-Ballesteros, A. , Beck, J. , Bombelli, A. , Grieco, E. , Lorencová, E. K. and co-authors. 2018. Towards a feasible and representative pan-African Research Infrastructure network for GHG observations. Environ. Res. Lett. 13 , 085003. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad66c
- Lopez-Coto, I. , Ghosh, S. , Prasad, K. and Whetstone, J. 2017. Tower-based greenhouse gas measurement network design—The National Institute of Standards and Technology North East Corridor Testbed. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 34 , 1095–1105. doi:10.1007/s00376-017-6094-6
- Lunt, M. F. , Palmer, P. I. , Feng, L. , Taylor, C. M. , Boesch, H. and co-authors. 2019. An increase in methane emissions from tropical Africa between 2010 and 2016 inferred from satellite data. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19 , 14721–14740. doi:10.5194/acp-19-14721-2019
- McGuire, A. D. , Sitch, S. , Clein, J. S. , Dargaville, R. , Esser, G. and co-authors. 2001. Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 15 , 183–206. doi:10.1029/2000GB001298
- Morgan, E. J. , Lavrič, J. V. , Seifert, T. , Chicoine, T. , Day, A. and co-authors. 2015. Continuous measurements of greenhouse gases and atmospheric oxygen at the Namib Desert Atmospheric Observatory. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8 , 2233–2250. doi:10.5194/amt-8-2233-2015
-
Myhre, G.
,
Shindell, D.
,
Bréon, F.-M.
,
Collins, W.
,
Fuglestvedt, J.
and co-authors
2013.
Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing, in climate change 2013: the physical science basis . In: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds. T. F. Stocker , D. Qin , G.-K. Plattner , M. Tignor , S. K. Allen , J. Doschung , A. Nauels , Y. Xia , V. Bex , and P. M. Midgley ). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 659–740. - Nathan, B. J. , Lauvaux, T. , Turnbull, J. C. , Richardson, S. J. , Niles, N. L. and co-authors . 2018. Source sector attribution of CO2 emissions using an urban CO/CO2 Bayesian inversion system. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 123 , 13611–13621.
- Nickless, A. , Rayner, P. J. , Engelbrecht, F. , Brunke, E.-G. , Erni, B. and co-authors. 2018a. Estimates of CO2 fluxes over the city of Cape Town, South Africa, through Bayesian inverse modelling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18 , 4765–4801. doi:10.5194/acp-18-4765-2018
- Nickless, A. , Rayner, P. J. , Erni, B. and Scholes, R. J. 2018b. Comparison of the genetic algorithm and incremental optimisation routines for a Bayesian inverse modelling based network design. Inverse Prob. 34 , 055006. doi:10.1088/1361-6420/aab46c
- Nickless, A. , Rayner, P. J. , Scholes, R. J. , Engelbrecht, F. and Erni, B. 2019b. An atmospheric inversion over the city of Cape Town: sensitivity analyses. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19 , 7789–7816. doi:10.5194/acp-19-7789-2019
- Nickless, A. , Scholes, R. J. , Vermeulen, A. , Beck, J. , Lopez´-Ballesteros, A. and co-authors. 2019a. Greenhouse gas observation network design for Africa. OSF. doi:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.
- Nickless, A. , Ziehn, T. , Rayner, P. J. , Scholes, R. J. and Engelbrecht, F. 2015. Greenhouse gas network design using backward Lagrangian particle dispersion modelling – Part 2: sensitivity analyses and South African test case. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 , 2051–2069. doi:10.5194/acp-15-2051-2015
- Nisbet, E. G. , Dlugokencky, E. J. , Manning, M. R. , Lowry, D. , Fisher, R. E. and co-authors. 2016. Rising atmospheric methane: 2007–2014 growth and isotopic shift. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 30 , 1356–1370. doi:10.1002/2016GB005406
- Nisbet, E. G. , Manning, M. R. , Dlugokencky, E. J. , Fisher, R. E. , Lowry, D. and co-authors. 2019. Very strong atmospheric methane growth in the 4 years 2014–2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 33 , 318–342. doi:10.1029/2018GB006009
- Northrop, E. , Dagnet, Y. , Höhne, N. , Thwaites, J. and Mogelgaard, K. 2018. Achieving the ambition of Paris: designing the global stocktake. Working Paper. Project for Advancing Climate Transparency (PACT), Washington, DC. Online at: http://www.wri.org/publication/pact-global-stocktakedesign
- Oda, T. , Lauvaux, T. , Lu, D. , Rao, P. , Miles, N. L. and co-authors. 2017. On the impact of granularity of space-based urban CO2 emissions in urban atmospheric inversions: a case study for Indianapolis, IN. Elementa 5 , 28.
- Oda, T. and Maksyutov, S. 2011. A very high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) global fossil fuel CO2 emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 , 543–556. doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011
- Oda, T. , Maksyutov, S. and Andres, R. J. 2018. The open-source data inventory for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global, monthly fossil-fuel CO2 gridded emission data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10 , 87–107. doi:10.5194/essd-10-87-2018
- Palmer, P. I. , O'Doherty, S. , Allen, G. , Bower, K. , Bösch, H. and co-authors. 2018. A measurement-based verification framework for UK greenhouse gas emissions: an overview of the Greenhouse gAs UK and global emissions (GAUGE) project. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18 , 11753–11777. doi:10.5194/acp-18-11753-2018
- Patra, P. K. , Houweling, S. , Krol, M. , Bousquet, P. , Belikov, D. and co-authors. 2011. TransCom model simulations of CH4 and related species: linking transport, surface flux and chemical loss with CH4 variability in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 , 12813–12837. doi:10.5194/acp-11-12813-2011
- Patra, P. K. and Maksyutov, S. 2002. Incremental approach to the optimal network design for CO2 surface source inversion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 , 97–1–97-4.
- Peylin, P. , Baker, D. , Sarmiento, J. , Ciais, P. and Bousquet, P. 2002. Influence of transport uncertainty on annual mean and seasonal inversions of atmospheric CO2 data. J. Geophys. Res. 107 , 4385. doi:10.1029/2001JD000857
- Pisso, I. , Sollum, E. , Grythe, H. , Kristiansen, N. I. , Cassiani, M. and co-authors. 2019. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 10.4. Geosci. Model Dev. 12 , 4955–4997. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-4955-2019
- Rayner, P. J. 2004. Optimizing CO2 observing networks in the presence of model error: results from TransCom 3. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4 , 413–421. doi:10.5194/acp-4-413-2004
- Rayner, P. J. , Enting, I. G. , Francey, R. J. and Langenfelds, R. L. 1999. Reconstructing the recent carbon cycle from atmospheric CO2, 13C and O2/N2 observations. Tellus B 51 , 213–232. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16273
- Rayner, P. J. , Enting, I. G. and Trudinger, C. M. 1996. Optimizing the CO2 observing network for constraining sources and sinks. Tellus B 48 , 433–444. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v48i4.15924
- Reuter, M. , Buchwitz, M. , Schneising, O. , Krautwurst, S. , O'Dell, C. W. and co-authors. 2019. Towards monitoring localized CO2 emissions from space: co-located regional CO2 and NO2 enhancements observed by the OCO-2 and S5P satellites. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19 , 9371–9383. doi:10.5194/acp-19-9371-2019
- Rigby, M. , Montzka, S. A. , Prinn, R. G. , White, J. W. C. , Young, D. and co-authors. 2017. Role of atmospheric oxidation in recent methane growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 114 , 5373–5377. doi:10.1073/pnas.1616426114
- Rödenbeck, C. , Houweling, S. , Gloor, M. and Heimann, M. 2003. CO2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric transport. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3 , 1919–1964. doi:10.5194/acp-3-1919-2003
- Saikawa, E. , Schlosser, C. A. and Prinn, R. G. 2013. Global modeling of soil nitrous oxide emissions from natural processes. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 27 , 972–989. doi:10.1002/gbc.20087
- Saunois, M. , Bousquet, P. , Poulter, B. , Peregon, A. , Ciais, P. and co-authors. 2016. The global methane budget 2000–2012. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 8 , 697–751. doi:10.5194/essd-8-697-2016
- Schneising, O. , Buchwitz, M. , Reuter, M. , Bovensmann, H. , Burrows, J. P. and co-authors. 2019. A scientific algorithm to simultane-ously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI on-board Sentinel-5 Precursor. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 12 , 6771–6802. doi:10.5194/amt-12-6771-2019
- Seibert, P. and Frank, A. 2004. Source-receptor matrix calculation with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model in backward mode. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4 , 51–63. doi:10.5194/acp-4-51-2004
- Sitch, S. , Friedlingstein, P. , Gruber, N. , Jones, S. D. , Murray-Tortarolo, G. and co-authors. 2015. Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide. Biogeosciences 12 , 653–679. doi:10.5194/bg-12-653-2015
- Sitch, S. , Smith, B. , Prentice, I. C. , Arneth, A. , Bondeau, A. and co-authors. 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model. Global Change Biol. 9 , 161–185. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00569.x
- Tarantola, A. 2005. Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter estimation. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia.
- Thompson, R. L. , Lassaletta, L. , Patra, P. K. , Wilson, C. , Wells, K. C. and co-authors. 2019. Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion. Nat. Clim. Change 9 , 993–998. doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0613-7
- Thompson, R. L. and Stohl, A. 2014. FLEXINVERT: an atmospheric Bayesian inversion framework for determining surface fluxes of trace species using an optimized grid. Geosci. Model Dev. 7 , 2223–2242. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2223-2014
- United Nations . 2019. World population prospects: the 2018 revision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Online at: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
- van der Werf, G. R. , Randerson, J. T. , Giglio, L. , van Leeuwen, T. T. , Chen, Y. and co-authors. 2017. Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 9 , 697–720. doi:10.5194/essd-9-697-2017
- Vesala, T. , Kljun, N. , Rannik, U. , Rinne, J. , Sogachev, A. and co-authors. 2008. Flux and concentration footprint modelling: State of the art. Environ. Pollut. 152 , 653–666. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.070
- Wang, H. , Jiang, F. , Wang, J. , Ju, W. and Chen, J. M. 2019. Terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux estimated using GOSAT and OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19 , 12067–12082. doi:10.5194/acp-19-12067-2019
- Wang, J. S. , Kawa, S. R. , Collatz, G. J. , Sasakawa, M. , Gatti, L. V. and co-authors. 2018. A global synthesis inversion analysis of recent variability in CO2 fluxes using GOSAT and in situ observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18 , 11097–11124.
- White, E. D. , Rigby, M. , Lunt, M. F. , Smallman, T. L. , Comyn-Platt, E. and co-authors. 2019. Quantifying the UK’s carbon diox-ide flux: an atmospheric inverse modelling approach using a regional measurement network. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19 , 4345–4365. doi:10.5194/acp-19-4345-2019.
- Whittlestone, S. , Kowalczyk, E. , Brunke, E. G. and Labuschagne, C. 2009. Source Regions for CO2 at Cape Point Assessed by Modelling 222Rn and Meteorological Data. Technical Report for the South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Wu, Z. , Hugelius, G. , Luo, Y. , Smith, B. , Xia, J. and co-authors. 2019. Approaching the potential of model-data comparisons of global land carbon storage. Sci. Rep. 9 , 3367. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38976-y
- Ziehn, T. , Nickless, A. , Rayner, P. J. , Law, R. M. , Roff, G. and co-authors. 2014. Greenhouse gas network design using backward La-grangian particle dispersion modelling - Part 1: methodology and Australian test case. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14 , 9363–9378. doi:10.5194/acp-14-9363-2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2020.1824486 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 1824486 - 1824486
Published on: Jan 1, 2020
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2020 Alecia Nickless, Robert J. Scholes, Alex Vermeulen, Johannes Beck, Ana López-Ballesteros, Jonas Ardö, Ute Karstens, Matthew Rigby, Ville Kasurinen, Karolina Pantazatou, Veronika Jorch, Werner Kutsch, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.