Uncertainty and sensitivity of wave-induced sea surface roughness parameterisations for a coupled numerical weather prediction model

Taekyun Kim; Jae-Hong Moon; Kiryong Kang

doi:10.1080/16000870.2018.1521242

Uncertainty and sensitivity of wave-induced sea surface roughness parameterisations for a coupled numerical weather prediction model

Tellus

Volume 70 (2018): Issue 1

By: Taekyun Kim , Jae-Hong Moon and Kiryong Kang

Open Access

|Jan 2018

Bao, J.-W., Gopalakrishnan, S. G., Michelson, S. A., Marks, F. D. and Montgomery, M. T. 2012. Impact of physics representations in the HWRFX model on simulated hurricane structure and wind–pressure relationships. Mon. Weather Rev. 140, 3278–3299. doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00332.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Booij, N., Ris, R. C. and Holthuijsen, L. H. 1999. A third-generation wave model for coastal regions, part I. Model description and validation. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 7649–7666. doi: 10.1029/98JC02622.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bryan, G. H. 2012. Effects of surface exchange coefficients and turbulence length scales on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Weather Rev. 140, 1125–1143. doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00231.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carlson, T. N. and Boland, F. E. 1978. Analysis of urban-rural canopy using a surface heat flux/temperature model. J. Appl. Meteor. 17, 998–1013. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1978)017<;0998:AOURCU>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cavaleri, L., Fox-Kemper, B. and Hemer, M. 2012. Wind waves in the coupled climate system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 93, 1651–1661. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00170.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cavaleri, L., Roland, A., Dutour, M., Bertotti, L. and Torrisi, L. 2012. On the coupling of COSMO to WAM, In Proceedings of the ECMWF Workshop on Ocean-Waves.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen, S. S. and Curcic, M. 2016. Ocean surface waves in Hurricane Ike (2008) and Superstorm Sandy (2012): Coupled modelling and observations. Ocean Model 103, 161–176. doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.08.005.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen, S. S., Price, J. F., Zhao, W., Donelan, M. A. and Walsh, E. J. 2007. The CBLAST-Hurricane program and the next-generation fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean models for hurricane research and prediction. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 88, 311–317. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-88-3-311.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen, S. S., Zhao, W., Donelan, M. A. and Tolman, H. L. 2013. Directional wind-wave coupling in fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean models: Results from CBLAST-Hurricane. J. Atmos. Sci. 70, 3198–3215. doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0157.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Charnock, H. 1955. Wind stress on a water surface. Q. J. Royal Met. Soc. 81, 639–640. doi: 10.1002/qj.49708135027.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Curcic, M., Chen, S. S., and Özgökmen, T.M. 2016. Hurricane-induced ocean waves and stokes drift and their impacts on surface transport and dispersion in the Gulf of Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 2773–2781. doi: 10.1002/2015GL067619.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Desjardins, S., Mailhot, J. and Lalbeharry, R. 2000. Examination of the impact of a coupled atmospheric and ocean wave system. Part I: Atmospheric aspects. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 402–401. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<;0402:EOTIOA>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Donelan, M. A., Haus, B. K., Reul, N., Plant, W. J., Stiassnie, M., Graber, H. C., Brown, O. B. and Saltzman, E. S. 2004. On the limiting aerodynamic roughness of the ocean in very strong winds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L18306. doi: 10.1029/2004GL019460.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Doyle, J. D. 1995. Coupled ocean wave/atmosphere mesoscale model simulations of cyclogenesis. Tellus 47, 766–788. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.00119.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Doyle, J. D. 2002. Coupled atmosphere–ocean wave simulations under high wind conditions. Mon. Weather Rev. 130, 3087–3099. doi:1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<;3087:CAOWSU>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Drennan, W. M., Graber, H. C., Hauser, D. and Quentin, C. 2003. On the wave age dependence of wind stress over pure wind seas. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8062. doi: 10.1029/2000JC000715.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Drennan, W. M., Taylor, P. K. and Yelland, M. J. 2005. Parameterizing the sea surface roughness. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 35, 835–848. doi: 10.1175/JPO2704.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dyer, A. J. and Hicks, B. B. 1970. Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer. Q. J. R. Met. Soc. 96, 715–721. doi: 10.1002/qj.49709641012.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Edson, J. B., Jampana, V., Weller, R. A., Bigorre, S. P., Plueddemann, A. J., and co-authors. 2013. On the exchange of momentum over the open ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 43, 1589–1610. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0173.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Emanuel, K. A. 1986. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part I: Steady-state maintenance. J. Atmos. Sci. 43, 585–605. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<;0585:AASITF>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Emanuel, K. A. 1995. Sensitivity of tropical cyclones to surface exchange coefficients and a revised steady-state model incorporating eye dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 3969–3976. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<;3969:SOTCTS>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Emanuel, K., DesAutels, C., Holloway, C. and Korty, R. 2004. Environmental control of tropical cyclone intensity. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 843–858. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<;0843:ECOTCI>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fan, Y., Lin, S.-J., Held, I. M., Yu, Z. and Tolman, H. L. 2012. Global ocean surface wave simulation using a coupled atmosphere-wave model. J. Clim. 25, 6233–6252. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00621.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fairall, C. W., Bradley, E. F., Hare, J. E., Grachev, A. A. and Edson, J. B. 2003. Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J. Clim. 16, 571–591. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<;0571:BPOASF>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gemmill, W., Katz, B. and Li, X. 2007. Daily Real-Time, Global Sea Surface Temperature - High-Resolution Analysis: RTG_SST_HR. NOAA, Camp Springs, MD.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gentry, M. S. and Lackmann, G. M. 2010. Sensitivity of simulated tropical cyclone structure and intensity to horizontal resolution. Mon. Weather Rev. 138, 688–704. doi: 10.1175/2009MWR2976.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Green, B. W. and Zhang, F. 2013. Impacts of air–sea flux parameterizations on the intensity and structure of tropical cyclones. Mon. Weather Rev. 141, 2308–2232. doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00274.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hersbach, H. 2011. Sea surface roughness and drag coefficient as functions of neutral wind speed. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 41, 247–251. doi: 10.1175/2010JPO4567.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jacob, R., Larson, J. and Ong, E. 2005. M×N Communication and parallel interpolation in community climate system model version 3 using the model coupling toolkit. Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl 19, 293–307. doi: 10.1177/1094342005056116.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Janssen, P. A. E. M. 1989. Wave-induced stress and the drag of air flow over sea waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 745–754. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019<;0745:WISATD>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Janssen, P. A. E. M. 1991. Quasi-linear theory of win-wave generation applied to wave forecasting. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1631–1642. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<;1631:QLTOWW>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Janssen, P. A. E. M., Bidlot, J.-R., Abdalla, S. and Hersbach, H. 2005. Progress in ocean wave forecasting at ECMWF. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 478. [Available online https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2005/10187-progress-ocean-wave-forecasting-ecmwf.pdf]
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Janssen, P. A. E. M., Saetra, O., Wettre, C. and Hersbach, H. 2004. Impact of the sea state on the atmosphere and ocean. Ann. Hydrogr. 3, 3.1–3.23.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Janssen, P. A. E. M. and Viterbo, P. 1996. Ocean waves and the atmospheric climate. J. Clim. 9, 1269–1287. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<;1269:OWATAC>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jarosz, E., Mitchell, D. A., Wang, D. W. and Teague, W. J. 2007. Bottom-up determination of air-sea momentum exchange under a major tropical cyclone. Science 315, 1707–1709. doi: 10.1126/science.1136466.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Järvenoja, S. and Tuomi, L. 2002. Coupled atmosphere-wave model for FMI and FIMR. Hirlam Newslett. 40, 9–22.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jiménez, P. A., Dudhia, J., González-Rouco, J. F., Navarro, J., Montávez, J. P. and co-authors. 2012. A revised scheme for the WRF surface layer formulation. Mon. Weather Rev. 140, 898–918. doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00056.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Joint GODAE OceanView/WGNE workshop on short- to medium-range coupled prediction for the atmosphere-wave-sea-ice-ocean. Status, needs and challenges, 19–21 March 2013. [Available online http://www.godae-oceanview.org/outreach/meetings-workshops/taskteam-meetings/coupled-prediction-workshop-gov-wgne-2013/ (accessed 22 July 2015)].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kang, J.-Y. and Kwon, Y. C. 2016. Impacts of air-sea exchange coefficients on snowfall events over the Korean Peninsula. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 146, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2016.04.017.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kim, T. and Jin, E. K. 2016. Impact of an interactive ocean on numerical weather prediction: A case of a local heavy snowfall event in eastern Korea. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 121, 8243–8253. doi: 10.1002/2016JD024763.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kurihara, Y., Bender, M. A., Tuleya, R. E. and Ross, R. J. 1995. Improvements in the GFDL hurricane prediction system. Mon. Weather Rev. 123, 2791–2801. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<;2791:IITGHP>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kwon, Y. C. and Kim, T. 2017. Impact of air-sea exchange coefficients on the structure and intensity of tropical cyclones. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 28, 345–356. doi: 10.3319/TAO.2016.11.16.01.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lalbeharry, R., Mailhot, J., Desjardins, S., and and Wilson, L. 2000. Examination of the impact of a coupled atmospheric and ocean wave system. Part II: Ocean wave aspects. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 402–415. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<;0402:EOTIOA>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Large, W. G. and Pond, S. 1981. Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 11, 324–336. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<;0324:OOMFMI>2.2.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Large, W. G. and Yeager, S. G. 2009. The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set. Clim. Dyn. 33, 341–364. doi: 10.1007/s00382-008-0441-3.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Larson, J., Jacob, R. and Ong, E. 2005. The Model Coupling Toolkit: A new Fortran90 toolkit for building multi-physics parallel coupled models. Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. 19, 277–292. doi: 10.1177/1094342005056115.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lionello, P., Malguzzi, P. and Buzzi, A. 1998. Coupling between the atmospheric circulation and ocean wave field: an idealized case. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 161–177. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<;0262:CBTACA>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liu, B., Guan, C., Xie, L. and Zhao, D. 2012. An investigation of the effects of wave state and sea spray on an idealized typhoon using an air-sea coupled modeling system. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 29, 391–406. doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-1059-7.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liu, B., Liu, H., Xie, L., Guan, C. and Zhao, D. 2010. A coupled atmosphere–wave–ocean modeling system: simulation of the intensity of an idealized tropical cyclone. Mon. Weather Rev. 139, 132. 100827132423068, doi: 10.1175/2010MWR3396.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Madsen, O. S., Poon, Y. K. and Graber, H. C. 1988. Spectral wave attenuation by bottom friction: Theory, Proc. ASCE 21st Int. Conf. Coastal Engineering (ICCE), Malaga, Spain, ASCE, 492–504, doi: 10.1061/9780872626874.035.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marks, F. and Shay, L. K. 1998. Landfalling tropical cyclones: forecast problems and associated research opportunities. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 79, 305–323. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<;0305:LTCFPA>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Molinari, J. and Dudek, M. 1992. Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: a critical review. Mon. Weather Rev. 120, 326–344. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0326:POCPIM>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Montgomery, M. T., Smith, R. K. and Nguyen, S. V. 2010. Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136, 1945–1953. doi: 10.1002/qj.702.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moon, I.-J., Ginis, I. and Hara, T. 2004. Effect of surface waves on Charnock coefficient under tropical cyclones. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L20302. doi: 10.1029/2004GL020988.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Weather Service/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce 2000. NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from July 1999. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6M043C6, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, Boulder, Colo. (Updated daily) Accessed 7 Feb. 2016.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J. C., Armstrong, B., Zambon, J. B. and He, R. 2012. Ocean-atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor'Ida: An application of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system. Ocean Modell. 43–44, 112–137. doi: 10.1016/j-ocemod.2011.12.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oost, W. A., Komen, G. J., Jacobs, C. M. J. and Van Oort, C. 2002. New evidence for a relation between wind stress and wave age from measurements during ASGAMAGE. Bound. Lay. Meteorol. 103, 409–438. doi: 10.1023/A:1014913624535.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ooyama, K. 1969. Numerical simulation of the life cycle of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci. 26, 3–40. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0003:NSOTLC>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Paulson, C. A. 1970. The Mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor. 9, 857–861. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1970)009<0857:TMROWS>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Powell, M. D., Vickery, P. J. and Reinhold, T. A. 2003. Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones. Nature 422, 279–283. doi: 10.1038/nature01481.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Renault, L., Chiggiato, J., Warner, J. C., Gomez, M., Vizoso, G. and Tintoré, J. 2012. Coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave simulations of a storm event over the Gulf of Lion and Balearic Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 117, C09019. doi: 10.1029/2012JC007924.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rhome, J. R., Sisko, C. A. and Knabb, R. D. 2006. On the calculation of vertical shear: An operational perspective. Preprints: 27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. https://ams.confex.com/ams/27Hurricanes/techprogram/paper_108724.htm
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rogers, R., Chen, S., Tenerelli, J. and Willoughby, H. 2003. A numerical study of the impact of vertical shear on the distribution of rainfall in Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Mon. Weather Rev. 131, 1577–1599. doi: 10.1175/2546.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rotunno, R. and Emanuel, K. A. 1987. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part II: Evolutionary study using a nonhydrostatic axisymmetric numerical model. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 542–561. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<;0542:AAITFT>2.0CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sattler, K., J., She, B. H., Sass, L., Laursen, L., Landberg, M Nielsen. and co-authors. 2002. Enhanced description of the wind climate in Denmark for determination of wind resources, Scientific Report, 02-09, Danish Meteorological Institute.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Skamarock, W., J. B., Klemp, J., Dudhia, D. O., Gill, D. M., Barker, M. G Duda. and co-authors. 2008. A description of the advanced research WRF version 3, NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-4751STR. Natl. Cent. For Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., doi: 10.5065/D68S4MVH.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stewart, R. W. 1974. The air-sea momentum exchange. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 6, 151–167. doi: 10.1007/BF00232481.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Taylor, P. K. and Yelland, M. J. 2001. The dependence of sea surface roughness on the height and steepness of the waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 31, 572–590. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<;0572:TDOSSR>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Toffoli, A., Loffredo, L., Le Roy, P., Lefevre, J.-M. and Babanin, A. V. 2012. On the variability of sea drag in finite water depth. J. Geophys. Res. 117, C00J25, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007857.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tolman, H. L. 1991. A third-generation model for wind waves on slowly varying, unsteady, and inhomogeneous depths and currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 782–797. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<;0782:ATGMFW>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wallace, J. M., Mitchell, T. P. and Deser, C. 1989. The influence of sea surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and interannual variability. J. Clim. 2, 1492–1499. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<;1492:TIOSST>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang, Y. 1998. On the bogusing of tropical cyclones in numerical models: The influence of vertical structure. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 65, 153–170.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Warner, J. C., Armstrong, B., He, R. and Zambon, J. B. 2010. Development of a coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system. Ocean Model. 35, 230–244. doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.010.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Warner, J. C., Perlin, N. and Skyllingstad, E. D. 2008. Using the model coupling toolkit to couple earth system models. Environ. Model. Softw. 23, 1240–1249. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.03.002.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Webb, E. K. 1970. Profile relationships: The log-linear range, and extension to strong stability. Q. J. R. Met. Soc. 96, 67–90. doi: 10.1002/qj.49709640708.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weber, S. L., von Storch, H., Viterbo, P. and Zambresky, L. 1993. Coupling an ocean wave model to an atmospheric general circulation model. Clim. Dyn. 9, 63–61. doi: 10.1007/BF00210009.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weidinger, T., Pinto, J. and Horvath, L. 2000. Effects of uncertainties in universal functions, roughness length, and displacement height on the calculation of surface layer fluxes. Meteorol. Z. 9, 139–154.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu, C.-C., Bender, M. and Kurihara, Y. 2000. Typhoon forecasts with the GFDL hurricane model: Forecast skill and comparison of predictions using AVN and NOGAPS global analyses. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 78, 777–788. doi: 10.2151/jmsj1965.78.6_777.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu, C.-C., Chou, K., Wang, Y. and Kuo, Y. 2006. Tropical cyclone initialization and prediction based on four-dimensional variational data assimilation. J. Atmos. Sci. 63, 2383–2395. doi: 10.1175/JAS3743.1.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu, J. 1980. Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface near neutral conditions: A revisit. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10, 727–740. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010<;0727:WSCOSS>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zambon, J. B., He, R. and Warner, J. C. 2014. Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) model. Ocean Dyn. 64, 1535–1554. doi: 10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zambon, J. B., He, R. and Warner, J. C. 2014b. Tropical to extratropical: Marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2014, GL061357. doi: 10.1002/2014GL061357. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061357/full.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, D. and Anthes, R. A. 1982. A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer-sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data. J. Appl. Meteorol. 21, 1594–1609. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<;1594:AHRMOT>2.0.CO;2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, Y. and Perrie, W. 2001. Feedback mechanism for the atmosphere and ocean surface. Bound. Lay. Meteorol 100, 321–348. doi: 10.1023/A:1018996505248.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1521242 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 1521242 - 1521242

Submitted on: Sep 21, 2016

Accepted on: Sep 3, 2018

Published on: Jan 1, 2018

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

wave-induced sea surface roughness parameterisations,

coupled numerical weather prediction,

tropical cyclone,

air–sea interaction

© 2018 Taekyun Kim, Jae-Hong Moon, Kiryong Kang, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 70 (2018): Issue 1