Video Observations of Dyadic Interaction: Behaviour style of Presymbolic Children

Table 1.

Child1234567Activity8734672Reactivity6538162Goal direct.3634531Frustration947157Attention span4754573Receptivity5645574Tonus668569

Table 2.

Child1234567Initiate interaction+ +−+++ +End interaction− − − −++− −+ ++ ++ +Respond com.+++++Understand com.+++++ ++ + +Direct attention−++ + + ++ + ++ + + ++ + + +Decide subject− −− −+ + ++ + ++ +Decide time− −− −− −++ ++Time to handle obj.−++ + +

Table 3.

Caregiver1234567Respond com.− −++Same expressions−++ +Understand com.+ +++ ++ ++ + +++Show interest−++ + + +Direct attention+++++ +Keep concentration+++ +++ ++ +Use app. objects+ ++ + + ++ + + + +Know situation++ +++Pace adjustment++ +

Table 4.

Strong turn-taking Catch and return (CRR)Contains three or more components i.e. look, vocalization, smile and/or a strong vocalization and/or a directed look. Demand a response (CID)Length > 2 secondsWeak turn-taking Catch (CRC)Contains less than three components and/or weak vocalizations. Invitation (CII)Length < 2 seconds

Table 5.

Dyad1234567Length of interaction (min)2.301.552.471.12.522.191.31CII4/111/162/277/915/183/41/9CID2/02/40/30/00/43/41/6CRC22/1915/1521/206/622/226/711/8CRR0/03/11/20/40/23/16/6OPB6/77/522/25/218/134/67/4OIB1/10/06/010/15/02/14/0Pause22%2%0%16%0%0%0%ACC21%29%25%0%17%45%2%CII: communicative turn, initiation, invitation. CID: communicative turn, initiation, demand response. CRR: communicative turn, response, catch and return. CRC: communicative turn, response, catch. OPB: turn opportunity unit, parallel behaviour. OIB: turn opportunity unit, ignore behaviour, ACC: accord.

Table 6.

DyadCRIBCCI (child)CCI (caregiver)Turn-taking (child/caregiver)1Activity: 8 Reactivity: 6 Frustration: 9 Goal dir.= 3 Attention: 4Init inter: + + End inter: − − − − Dec. subj: − − Dec. time: − −Und com= + +CII: 4/11 CRC: 22/19 Pause: 22% Acc: 21%2Activity: 7 Reactivity: 5 Frustration: 4 Goal dir.: 6 Attention: 7Dec. subj: − − Dec. time: − −Resp com: − −CII: 1/16 CRC =15/15 OPB: 7/5 Pause: 2% ACC: 29%3Activity: 3 Reactivity: 3 Frustration: 7 Goal dir.: 3 Attention: 5Und com: + +CII: 2/27 CRC =21/20 OPB: 22/2 Pause: 0% ACC: 25%4Activity: 4 Reactivity: 8 Frustration: 1 Goal dir.: 4 Attention: 4End inter: − − Dir. att: + + + + Dec. time: − −Und com: + + Keep con: + + Use act. obj: + + Know sit: + +OPB: 5/2 OIB: 10/1 Pause: 16% ACC: 0%5Activity: 6 Reactivity: 1 Frustration: 5 Goal dir.: 5 Attention: 5End inter: + + Dir. att: + + + Dec. subj: + + +Same ex: + + Und com: + + + Use act. obj: + + + +CII: 15/18 OPB: 18/13 OIB: 5/0 Pause: 0% ACC: 17%6Activity: 7 Reactivity: 6 Frustration: 7 Goal dir.: 3 Attention: 7End inter: + + Und com: + + Dir. att: + + + + Dec. subj: + + + Dec. time: + + Tim to m.: + + +Show inte: + + + + Keep con: + + Use act. obj: + + + + +OPB: 4/6 OIB: 2/1 Pause: 0% ACC: 45%7Activity: 2 Reactivity: 2 Goal dir.= 1 Attention: 3Init inter: + + End inter: + + Und com: + + + Dir. att: + + + + Dec. subj: + +Dir. att: + + Keep con: + +CII: 1/9 CID: 1/6 OPB: 7/4 OIB: 4/0 Pause: 0% ACC: 2%CRIB (Carolina Record of Individual Behaviour): specific hypo- or hyper-loaded measures of the children's behaviour styles.CCI (Child and Caregiver Interaction) (child): the caregivers’ wishes for where they wanted the children to make extensive changes in interaction (more than one plus or one minus).CCI (Child and Caregiver Interaction) (caregiver): the caregivers’ wishes for where they wanted themselves to make extensive changes in interaction (more than one plus or one minus).Turn-taking: the dominating features of each dyad from analysis of a typical interaction in Table 5.