Fig. 1
Steps in assembly of distal radius fracture model. a Computer Assisted Design (CAD) drawings of ulna and fractured radius. b Individual 3D printed models of ulna and fractured radius. c O-rings are cut into appropriate sizes and zip-ties placed at one end of each. d O-rings are placed through pre-printed holes in the distal fragment of radius. Second end of O‑rings is placed through pre-printed holes in the proximal radius fragment with zip-ties secured on exposed ends. e String is threaded through pre-printed holes on volar aspects of both fracture fragments and tied together. f String length is adjusted as needed until optimal displacement is achieved. g 1.5-inch (3.81 cm) hinges are screwed into pre-printed holes on both radius and ulna. h 3D printed bones are cast in simulation gel; the dorsal aspect of the model is taped to the side of the mold to remain close to the surface. After cooling, the thin layer of gel on the dorsal side is removed. i The free side of the hinge is screwed to the wooden block that serves as the hand (oriented so the wrist can be displaced dorsally) and the model is inserted into the simulation arm. Talcum powder facilitates placement into the skin
