Development of a scale to measure intrapersonal factors influencing speaking up in the operating room

When I notice an error during a surgery, I can easily determine whether or not speaking-up is warranted

 0.81

0.69

I feel confident that I can communicate patient management concerns clearly during a surgery

 0.76

0.65

I feel confident that I can recognize when something is amiss during a surgery

 0.74

0.58

I feel confident that I can express concerns efficiently without wasting anyone’s time during a surgery

 0.69

0.59

Communicating concerns in the OR will increase my colleagues’ respect of my patient care skills

 0.89

0.84

Speaking up in the OR will increase my status among the team members

 0.84

0.66

My team will view me as competent if I effectively express patient safety concerns in the OR

 0.80

0.74

I tend to hesitate expressing opinions that may be contrary to what others think in the OR^a

 0.78

0.67

I think it is better to defer to the senior staff rather than voicing concerns in the OR^a

 0.58

0.37

Likelihood of me speaking up depends on my familiarity with the surgical case^a

 0.47

0.35

Eigenvalue

 4.01

 1.90

 1.35

% of Total variance

40.14

18.92

13.61

Total variance

72.67%

Self-efficacy

4

4.14 (0.61)

−0.50

−0.09

0.86

Social outcome expectations

3

3.86 (0.77)

−0.31

−0.16

0.89

Assertive attitude

3

2.88 (0.91)

−0.05

−0.58

0.67