References
- Harless WG Drennon GG Marxer JJ Root JA Miller GE CASE: a computer-aided simulation of the clinical encounter J Med Educ 1971 46 443 448 1:STN:280:DyaE3M7mtlOisQ%3D%3D 5553433
- van Meer E PLATO: from computer-based education to corporate social responsibility. Iterations—an interdisciplinary journal of software 2003 Minneapolis The Charles Babbage Institute for the History of Information Technology
- Ellaway RH Poulton T Smothers T Greene P Virtual patients come of age Med Teach 2009 31 8 683 684 10.1080/01421590903124765 19811203
- Kononowicz AA, Hege I. Virtual patients as a practical realisation of the e-learning idea in medicine. In: Soomro S, editor. E-learning experiences and future. Rijeka: InTech; 2010. http://www.intechopen.com/books/e-learning-experiences-and-future/virtual-patients-as-a-practical-realisation-of-the-e-learning-idea-in-medicine. Accessed 17 Dec 2013.
- Huwendiek S de Leng B Zary N Ruiz J Ellaway R Towards a typology of virtual patients Med Teach 2009 31 8 743 748 10.1080/01421590903124708 19811212
- Huwendiek S Reichert F Bosse HM Design principles for virtual patients: a focus group study among students Med Educ 2009 43 6 580 588 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03369.x 19493183
- Posel N Fleiszer D Shore BM 12 tips: guidelines for authoring virtual patient cases Med Teach 2009 31 8 701 708 10.1080/01421590902793867 19513927
- Poulton T Conradi E Kavia S Round J The replacement of ‘paper’ cases by interactive online virtual patients in problem-based learning (PBL) Med Teach 2009 31 8 752 758 10.1080/01421590903141082 19811214
- Berman N Fall LH Smith S Integration strategies for using virtual patients in clinical clerkships Acad Med 2009 84 7 942 949 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181a8c668 19550193
- Cook DA Triola MM Virtual patients: a critical literature review and proposed next steps Med Educ 2009 43 4 303 311 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03286.x 19335571
- Boyer EL Scholarship reconsidered: priorities of the professoriate 1990 Princeton Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
- Leont’ev A. Activity and consciousness. In: Philosophy in the USSR, problems of dialectical materialism. Moscow: Progress Publishers; 1977. pp. 180–202. http://www.marxists.org/archive/leontev/works/1977/leon1977.htm. Accessed 31 Dec 2013.
- Ellaway R Davies D Design for learning: deconstructing virtual patient activities Med Teach 2011 33 4 303 310 10.3109/0142159X.2011.550969 21456988
- Engeström Y Learning by expanding: an activity-theoretical approach to developmental research 1987 Helsinki Orienta-Konsultit
- Engeström Y From teams to knots: activity-theoretical studies of collaboration and learning at work 2008 New York Cambridge University Press 10.1017/CBO9780511619847
- Ellaway R Pusic M Yavner S Kalet A Context matters: emergent variability in an effectiveness trial of online teaching modules Med Educ 2014 48 4 386 396 10.1111/medu.12389 24606622
- Mayer RE. Multimedia learning. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2009. p. 222–4.
- Issenberg S McGaghie W Tekian A McGuire C McGaghie W Assessing knowledge and skills in the health professions: a continuum of simulation fidelity Innovative simulations for assessing professional competence: from paper and pencil to virtual reality 1999 Chicago University of Illinois at Chicago 125 146
- Colvin Clark R Scenario-based learning: evidence-based guidelines for online workforce e-learning 2013 San Francisco Wiley
- Huwendiek S Duncker C Reichert F Learner preferences regarding integrating, sequencing and aligning virtual patients with other activities in the undergraduate medical curriculum: a focus group study Med Teach 2013 35 11 920 929 10.3109/0142159X.2013.826790 24003850
- Clauser BE Margolis MJ Swanson DB An examination of the contribution of computer based case simulations to the USMLE step 3 examination Acad Med 2002 77 10 S80 S82 10.1097/00001888-200210001-00026 12377713
- Ellaway R Kneebone R Lachapelle K Topps D Practica continua: connecting and combining simulation modalities for integrated teaching, learning and assessment Med Teach 2009 31 8 725 731 10.1080/01421590903124716 19811209
- Ellaway R Beetham H Sharpe R Activity designs for professional learning Design for learning: rethinking pedagogy for the digital age 2013 2 London Routledge 188 203
- Ellaway R Educational methods, educational systems Med Teach 2012 34 5 428 430 10.3109/0142159X.2012.681198 22515307
- Schunk DH Learning theories: an educational perspective 2000 3 Upper Saddle River Merrill
- Schmidt HG Rotgans JI Yew EHJ The process of problem-based learning: what works and why Med Educ 2011 45 8 792 806 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04035.x 21752076
- Dormans J: Beyond iconic simulation. In: IADIS gaming conference. 2008. http://www.jorisdormans.nl/article.php?ref=beyondiconicsimulation. Accessed 22 July 2014.
- Bandura A Social Learning Theory 1977 Oxford Prentice-Hall
- Douglass MA Casale JP Skirvin JA DiVall MV A virtual patient software program to improve pharmacy student learning in a comprehensive disease management course Am J Pharm Educ 2013 77 8 172 10.5688/ajpe778172 3806956 24159213
- Bediang G Franck C Raetzo MA Developing clinical skills using a virtual patient simulator in a resource-limited setting Stud Health Technol Inform 2013 192 102 106 23920524
- Harris JM Sun H A randomized trial of two e-learning strategies for teaching substance abuse management skills to physicians Acad Med 2013 88 9 1357 1362 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31829e7ec6 3769087 23887001
- Edelbring S Broström O Henriksson P Integrating virtual patients into courses: follow-up seminars and perceived benefit Med Educ 2012 46 4 417 425 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04219.x 22429178
- Frambach J Driessen E Chan L van der Vleuten C Rethinking the globalisation of problem-based learning: how culture challenges self-directed learning Med Educ 2012 46 8 738 747 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04290.x 22803751
- MacLeod A Six ways problem-based learning cases can sabotage patient-centered medical education Acad Med 2011 86 7 818 825 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31821db670 21617504
- Dewhurst D Borgstein E Grant ME Begg M Online virtual patients—A driver for change in medical and healthcare professional education in developing countries? Med Teach 2009 31 8 721 724 10.1080/01421590903124732 19811208
- Bearman M Is virtual the same as real? medical students’ experiences of a virtual patient Acad Med 2003 78 5 538 545 10.1097/00001888-200305000-00021 12742794
- Pawson R The science of evaluation: a realist manifesto 2013 London SAGE
- Anderson T Shattuck J Design-based research: a decade of progress in education research? Educ Res 2012 41 1 16 25 10.3102/0013189X11428813
- Bordage G Conceptual frameworks to illuminate and magnify Med Educ 2009 43 4 312 319 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03295.x 19335572
- Rees CE Monrouxe LV Theory in medical education research: how do we get there? Med Educ 2010 44 4 334 339 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03615.x 20444069
- Monrouxe LV Rees CE Picking up the gauntlet: constructing medical education as a social science Med Educ 2009 43 3 196 198 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03272.x 19250344
- Mann KV Theoretical perspectives in medical education: past experience and future possibilities Med Educ 2011 45 1 60 68 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03757.x 21155869
- Bunniss S Kelly DR Research paradigms in medical education research Med Educ 2010 44 4 358 366 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03611.x 20444071
- Ellaway R. Evaluating a virtual learning environment in medical education. Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh; 2006. https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/885/1/Ellaway_thesis.pdf. Accessed 22 July 2014.
- Edelbring S Dastmalchi M Hult H Lundberg IE Dahlgren LO Experiencing virtual patients in clinical learning: a phenomenological study Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2011 16 3 331 345 10.1007/s10459-010-9265-0 21656337