Fig. 1
The hypothesized direct and indirect effects of identification on wellbeing
Table 1
Descriptive statistics
|
Minimum |
Maximum |
Mean |
Standard deviation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Identification |
2.6 |
7 |
5.35 |
0.93 |
|
Partying norm |
1 |
5 |
4.07 |
0.88 |
|
Reluctance to seek help norm |
1 |
5 |
3.53 |
1.05 |
|
Own partying behaviour |
1 |
5 |
3.01 |
1.36 |
|
Own reluctance to seek help |
1 |
5 |
3.16 |
1.23 |
|
Depression |
1 |
4 |
1.68 |
0.59 |
|
Satisfaction with life |
1 |
7 |
4.63 |
1.38 |
|
Positive affect |
1 |
4.75 |
2.60 |
0.96 |
|
Wellbeing |
−2.26 |
1.56 |
0.01 |
0.86 |
Table 2
Correlations
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1. Identification | ||||||||
|
2. Partying norm |
.085 | |||||||
|
3. Reluctance to seek help norm |
−.181 |
.105 | ||||||
|
4. Own partying behaviour |
.337** |
.528** |
.050 | |||||
|
5. Own reluctance to seek help |
−.216* |
−.030 |
.424** |
.071 | ||||
|
6. Depression |
−.419** |
.040 |
.247* |
−.093 |
.237* | |||
|
7. Satisfaction with life |
.406** |
.009 |
−.206* |
.160 |
−.221* |
−.566** | ||
|
8. Positive affect |
.422** |
.099 |
−.159 |
.194^ |
−.304** |
−.543** |
.625** | |
|
9. Wellbeing |
.491** |
.027 |
−.241* |
.175^ |
−.300** |
−.829** |
.861** |
.853** |
* p < .05, ** p < .01, ^ p < .10
Fig. 2
The effect of identification on wellbeing and the indirect effect of the reluctance to seek help norm on wellbeing. *p < .05, **p < .01, ^p < 09, n.s. p > .09. Standardized beta values are displayed for all single-headed arrows and correlation coefficients are displayed for double-headed arrows. Unstandardized values are shown in Table 2
Table 3
Summary of output from Hayes’ [24] Process macro
|
Outcome: own partying behaviour | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Model summary |
R .606 |
R 2 .367 |
F(df1, df2) 17.02(3,88) |
p < .001 |
|
Model |
Coeff |
SE |
t | |
|
Constant |
−2.719 |
.942 |
−2.886 |
p = .005 |
|
Identification |
.442 |
.126 |
3.505 |
p < .001 |
|
Partying norm |
.769 |
.133 |
5.791 |
p < .001 |
|
Reluctance to seek help norm |
.068 |
.112 |
.606 |
p = .546 |
|
Outcome: own reluctance to seek help | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Model summary |
R .428 |
R2 .183 |
F(df1,df2) 6.56(3,88) |
p < .001 |
|
Model |
Coeff |
SE |
t | |
|
Constant |
2.942 |
.975 |
3.018 |
p = .003 |
|
Identification |
−.189 |
.132 |
−1.449 |
p = .151 |
|
Partying norm |
−.082 |
.137 |
−0.593 |
p = .554 |
|
Reluctance to seek help norm |
.443 |
.116 |
3.827 |
p < .001 |
|
Outcome: wellbeing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Model summary |
R .540 |
R 2 .291 |
F(df1,df2) 7.07(5,86) |
p < .001 |
|
Model |
Coeff |
SE |
t | |
|
Constant |
−1.320 |
.942 |
−2.886 |
p = .005 |
|
Identification |
.376 |
.092 |
4.071 |
p < .001 |
|
Own partying behaviour |
.049 |
.073 |
.668 |
p = .506 |
|
Own reluctance to seek help |
−.124 |
.070 |
−1.765 |
p = .081 |
|
Partying norm |
−.043 |
.106 |
−.409 |
p = .683 |
|
Reluctance to seek help norm |
−.075 |
.081 |
−.933 |
p = .354 |