Table 1
Demographics of student participants
|
Age (years)a |
Female, no. (%) N = 74 (77.9) |
Male, no. (%) N = 21 (22.1) |
|---|---|---|
|
18–20 |
23 (31.1) |
0 (.0) |
|
21–25 |
49 (66.2) |
17 (81.0) |
|
26–30 |
1 (1.4) |
4 (19.0) |
|
41 and over |
1 (1.4) |
0 (.0) |
|
Race/ethnicityb | ||
|
Asian/Asian-American |
7 (9.6) |
1 (4.8) |
|
Black/African-American |
5 (6.8) |
1 (4.8) |
|
Hispanic |
4 (5.5) |
0 (.0) |
|
White |
54 (74.0) |
18 (85.7) |
|
Otherc |
3 (4.1) |
1 (4.8) |
|
Planning to be health care provider |
N = 72 (78.3) |
N = 20 (21.7) |
|
Yes |
51 (70.8) |
17 (85.0) |
|
No |
14 (19.4) |
2 (10.0) |
|
Maybe |
7 (9.7) |
1 (5.0) |
|
Has a disabilityd | ||
|
No |
73 (98.6) |
20 (95.2) |
|
Yese |
1 (1.4) |
1 (4.8) |
aAge distribution differs significantly by gender (Pearson X2 = 17.1, df = 3, p = .001)
bNo significant difference in distribution in ethnicity by gender
cIncludes two Multiple or Other, one Lebanese, one African American/Multiracial
dNo significant difference in disability by gender
cOne hearing impaired, one major depressive disorder
Table 2
Mean performance on attitude and empathy measures across courses
|
Survey |
Mean of aggregated courses (95 % CI) |
ANOVA across courses |
|---|---|---|
|
Attitude toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) |
79.01 (76.52–81.50) |
F(6,88) = 1.72, p = .13 |
|
Attitude toward Patient Advocacy, Microsocial (AMIA) |
225.19 (221.18–229.20) |
F(6,87) = .27, p = .95 |
|
Empathy subscales | ||
|
Fantasy |
17.55 (16.58–18.51) |
F(6,88) = .94, p = .47 |
|
Perspective taking |
19.85 (19.13–20.57) |
F(6,88) = .68, p = .67 |
|
Empathic concern |
22.08 (21.34–22.83) |
F(6,88) = .38, p = .89 |
|
Personal distress |
10.52 (9.50–11.53) |
F(6,88) = 1.40, p = .23 |
Table 3
Paired-t tests comparing the Attitudes toward Disabled Persons scale and Attitudes Toward Microsocial Advocacy scale scores
|
Scale |
Pre-module mean |
Post-module mean |
t test equation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ATDP |
79.01 (SD = 12.22) |
85.56 (SD = 13.23) |
t(94) = −5.95, p = .000 |
|
AMIA |
225.15 (SD = 19.69) |
233.70 (SD = 16.54) |
t(92) = −5.99, p = .000 |