Smallpox virus, Rabies virus, HIV, Ebola virus... Biosafety threats have become emerging strategic challenges in modern times, and biosafety has evolved into a critical component of national security. Centered around the Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory (P4), this book introduces various contemporary biosafety threats, the functions and characteristics of high-level biosafety national laboratories, and the current status of modern biosafety laboratory construction both in China and abroad. It showcases the dedication scientists have poured into life sciences and underscores the importance China places on biosafety under its innovation-driven development strategy.