Figure 1
Cursive samples of “Springfield”
Figure 2
Handprinted samples of “SPRINGFIELD ARCHIVES”
Figure 3
Images of chosen criteria.
Table 1
Percentage of handwriting characteristics.
| Feature | Number of Times Observed | Percentage of Samples With Feature |
|---|---|---|
| A | 322 | 28.5 |
| B | 476 | 42.1 |
| C | 765 | 67.7 |
| D | 452 | 40.0 |
| E | 457 | 40.4 |
| F | 452 | 40.0 |
| G | 932 | 85.5 |
| H | 904 | 80.0 |
| I | 785 | 69.5 |
| J | 397 | 35.1 |
| K | 234 | 20.7 |
| L | 878 | 77.7 |
| Ave. | 588 | 52.0 |
Table 2
Frequency of observations of common features
| Features in Common | Number of Times Observed |
|---|---|
| 12 | 0 |
| 11 | 5 |
| 10 | 26 |
| 9 | 60 |
| 8 | 156 |
| 7 | 255 |
| 6 | 231 |
| 5 | 189 |
| 4 | 105 |
| 3 | 58 |
| 2 | 21 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 0 | 0 |
Figure 4
Writings sorted by visual inspection and the number of features in common.
Table 3
Results of sorting criteria.
| Sorting Criteria | Probability of Combination Occurrence Calculation | Number of Times Combination Observed | Frequency of Combination Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| G | (½)1 = 0.5 | 932 | 1/1.2 (0.833) |
| GH | (½)2 = 0.25 | 739 | 1/1.5 (0.666) |
| GHL | (½)3 = 0.125 | 563 | 1/2 (0.500) |
| GHLI | (½)4 = 0.0625 | 404 | 1/2.8 (0.357) |
| GHLIC | (½)5 = 0.0312 | 303 | 1/3.7 (0.270) |
| GHLICB | (½)6 = 0.0156 | 161 | 1/7 (0.143) |
| GHLICBE | (½)7 = 0.0078 | 68 | 1/16.6 (0.060) |
| GHLICBED | (½)8 = 0.0039 | 35 | 1/32.3 (0.031) |
| GHLICBEDF | (½)9 = 0.0019 | 17 | 1/66.5 (0.015) |
| GHLICBEDFJ | (½)10 = 0.0009 | 8 | 1/141 (0.007) |
| GHLICBEDFJA | (½)11 = 0.0005 | 1 | 1/1130 (0.001) |
Figure 5
Images showing handprinting characteristics.
Table 4
Percentage of samples with observed features.
| Feature | Number of Times Observed | Percentage of Samples with Feature |
|---|---|---|
| A | 133 | 35.0 |
| B | 125 | 32.9 |
| C | 322 | 84.7 |
| D | 243 | 63.9 |
| E | 210 | 55.3 |
| F | 325 | 85.5 |
| G | 112 | 29.5 |
| H | 95 | 25.0 |
| Ave. | 195.6 | 51.5 |
Table 5
Observations of features in common.
| Features in Common | Number of Times Observed |
| 8 | 1 |
| 7 | 11 |
| 6 | 38 |
| 5 | 78 |
| 4 | 99 |
| 3 | 77 |
| 2 | 54 |
| 1 | 19 |
| 0 | 1 |
Table 6
Number of common characteristics and frequency of combination occurrence.
| Sorting Criteria | Probability of Combination Occurrence | Number of Times Combination Observed | Frequency of Combination Occurrence |
| F | (½)1 = 0.50 | 325 | 1/1.6 (0.625) |
| FC | (½)2 = 0.25 | 189 | 1/2 (0.500) |
| FCD | (½)3 = 0.125 | 137 | 1/3 (0.333) |
| FCDE | (½)4 = 0.0625 | 78 | 1/5 (0.200) |
| FCDEA | (½)5 = 0.0312 | 40 | 1/9.5 (0.105) |
| FCDEAB | (½)6 = 0.0156 | 13 | 1/29 (0.034) |
| FCDEABG | (½)7 = 0.0078 | 6 | 1/63 (0.016) |
| FCDEABGH | (½)8 = 0.0039 | 1 | 1/380 (0.003) |
| Descender of “f” and “p” of equal length | Other | |
|---|---|---|
| Height of “l” less than or equal to height of “d” | 373 (377) | 537 (556) |
| Other | 67 (8) | 131 (118) |
Table 7
Chi square analysis of features.
| Observed (O) | Expected (E) | (O-E)2 | (O-E)2/E |
| 373 | 377 | 16 | 0.04 |
| 67 | 80 | 169 | 2.11 |
| 537 | 556 | 36 | 0.65 |
| 131 | 118 | 169 | 1.43 |
| Total | X2 = 4.23 |
Figure 6
Illustrations of common letter formations between writers.