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Whole-life-cycle benchmarks for domestic and non-domestic buildings: A method for definition and communication applied to the German building stock Cover

Whole-life-cycle benchmarks for domestic and non-domestic buildings: A method for definition and communication applied to the German building stock

eceee Summer Study proceedings
Volume 1 (2026): Issue 1
By:  and    
Open Access
|Jul 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Definition of benchmark classes based on target, reference, and limit values.

Figure 2

Values of class boundaries for operational (op), embodied (emb) and whole-life cycle (wlc) emissions GWPfossil in kg CO2e/(m2GFA·a).

Figure 3

Benchmark classes for WLC emissions (GWPfossil) differentiated by building use.

Figure 4

Embodied share of total WLC emissions (GWPfossil), calculated as embodied / (operational + embodied), differentiated by building use and benchmark class boundaries.

Figure 5

Benchmarking dashboard for results visualisation (fictive dataset).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.66506/essp.7-012-26 | Journal eISSN: 2001-7960
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Language: English
Page range: 17 - 17
Submitted on: Mar 18, 2026
Accepted on: May 17, 2026
Published on: Jul 23, 2026
Published by: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (eceee)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
whole-life-cycle,
benchmarks,
embodied carbon,
building stock

© 2026 Guillaume Behem, Julian Bischof, published by European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (eceee)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 1 (2026): Issue 1
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