Drivers and barriers in the social process of connecting to ultra-low temperature district heating (ULTDH)

Extended abstract 1-136-26

Background
Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating (ULTDH) is an innovative approach to sustainable heating, offering seasonal heat storage, the usage of local heat sources, and opportunities for cooling (NPLW, 2025). While technically promising, their adoption depends on complex social processes among individual homeowners and homeowner associations (HOAs). However, in-depth knowledge on behavioural drivers and barriers in the adoption of ULTDH is lacking (Greenvis, 2025). Hence the aim of this research is to identify drivers and barriers of homeowners and HOA members when they orient, select, and organise ULTDH.

Methods
A qualitative, multi-phase research design was applied. Phase one synthesized existing literature on adoption processes of homeowners. Phase two involves semi-structured interviews (n=20) with experts, owner-occupiers and HOA members to validate and expand these insights. Data are analysed thematically to identify patterns across the three decision stages. Two workshops are planned validate insights.

Results
In the orientation phase local ownership, social capital and improved sustainability motivate interest. Uncertainty and weak financial cases hinder adoption. During selection, a sound business case, freedom of choice, and professional support are key drivers. Trust issues, costs, and legal constraints are barriers. In organization, local ownership and expert networks are drivers. Technological complexity, unclear business models, and legal challenges are barriers.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that adoption of ULTDH is shaped by behavioural, financial, and technical factors across different decision stages. To accelerate implementation and realize the potential of ULTDH, practical implications, financial transparency, and structured support for collective decision-making are key.

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