Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Association of LVEF and LVEDD with the presence of ICU inotrope therapy
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| LVEF, unadjusted | 0.50 (0.46 to 0.54) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, unadjusted | 1.36 (1.26 to 1.47) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, adjusted | 0.45 (0.41 to 0.50) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, adjusted | 1.18 (1.07 to 1.31) | 0.001 |
Association of LVEF and LVEDD with ICU hours
| Effect Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Multivariable Interaction | ||
| LVEF, unadjusted | 0.88 (0.86 to 0.91) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, unadjusted | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) | <0.001 |
| LVEF * LVEDD, unadjusted | 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.01 |
| Multivariable Interaction | ||
| LVEF, adjusted | 0.89 (0.87 to 0.92) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, adjusted | 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.02 |
| LVEF * LV, adjusted* | 0.98 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.03 |
Sensitivity analysis of inotrope therapy and ICU length of stay outcomes after adjusting for body surface area
| Effect Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of ICU Inotrope Therapy | ||
| LVEF | 0.45 (0.41 to 0.50) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD | 1.19 (1.07 to 1.32) | 0.001 |
| Hours of ICU Inotrope Therapy | ||
| LVEF | 0.75 (0.68 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.06) | 0.47 |
| ICU Hours | ||
| LVEF | 0.89 (0.87 to 0.92) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.03 |
| LVEF * LV | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.03 |
Patient baseline, procedural, and encounter characteristics
| Overall N = 2965 | Absence of Inotropes N = 1973 | Presence of Inotropes N = 992 | ASD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 [59, 74] | 66 [58, 73] | 69 [61, 75] | 0.25 |
| Male | 2166 (73) | 1499 (76) | 667 (67) | 0.20 |
| ASA Classification | 0.36 | |||
| 2 | 56 (2) | 47 (2) | 9 (1) | |
| 3 | 1591 (54) | 1163 (60) | 428 (43) | |
| 4 | 1308 (44) | 758 (38) | 550 (55) | |
| 5 | 4 (0) | 2 (0) | 2 (0) | |
| Missing | 6 (0) | 3 (0) | 3 (0) | |
| Diabetes | 881 (30) | 523 (27) | 358 (36) | 0.21 |
| Hypertension | 2386 (81) | 1554 (79) | 832 (84) | 0.13 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 401 (14) | 207 (11) | 194 (20) | 0.26 |
| Acute Renal Replacement Therapy | 54 (2) | 10 (1) | 44 (4) | 0.26 |
| Tracheostomy | 40 (1) | 6 (0) | 34 (3) | 0.23 |
| CABG | 1602 (54) | 1051 (53) | 551 (56) | 0.05 |
| Aortic valve procedure | 1078 (36) | 752 (38) | 326 (33) | 0.11 |
| Mitral valve procedure | 763 (26) | 382 (19) | 381 (38) | 0.43 |
| Tricuspid valve procedure | 160 (5) | 41 (2) | 119 (12) | 0.40 |
| Pulmonic valve procedure | 6 (0) | 3 (0) | 3 (0) | 0.03 |
| CABG and valve procedure | 467 (16) | 252 (13) | 215 (22) | 0.24 |
| Thoracic aortic procedure | 434 (15) | 297 (15) | 137 (14) | 0.04 |
| Other cardiac procedure | 650 (22) | 352 (18) | 298 (30) | 0.29 |
| Redo Sternotomy | 9 (0) | 5 (0) | 4 (0) | 0.03 |
| Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time, minutes | 131 [97, 169] | 121 [93, 154] | 155 [114, 195] | 0.58 |
| LVEF | 62 [55, 67] | 63 [58, 68] | 58 [43, 65] | 0.66 |
| Normal, >= 50% | 2490 (84) | 1822 (92) | 668 (67) | |
| Low, <50% | 475 (16) | 151 (8) | 324 (33) | |
| LVEDD | 49 [44, 54] | 48 [43, 53] | 51 [45, 56] | 0.30 |
| Dilateda | 460 (15) | 236 (12) | 224 (23) | |
| Normala | 2220 (75) | 1523 (77) | 697 (70) | |
| Smalla | 285 (10) | 214 (11) | 71 (7) | |
| 30 Day Morality | 10 (0) | 3 (0) | 7 (1) | 0.09 |
| ICU Length of Stay, hours | 28 [23, 53] | 25 [22, 40] | 55 [30, 110] | 0.55 |
Association of LVEF and LVEDD with hours of ICU inotrope therapy
| Effect Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| LVEF, unadjusted | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) | 0.003 |
| LVEDD, unadjusted | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) | 0.41 |
| LVEF, adjusted | 0.75 (0.68 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, adjusted | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.06) | 0.45 |