An Edge–Native Industrial Verification of Request System for Secure and Plausible Control Reconfiguration in Modular Plants
References
- Aro, J. (2021). OPC UA PubSub explained, https://prosysopc.com/blog/opc-ua-pubsub-explained/.
- Azarmipour, M., Trotha, C.v., Gries, C., Kleinert, T. and Epple, U. (2020a). A secure gateway for the cooperation of information technologies and industrial automation systems, 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2020, Singapore, pp. 53–58, DOI: 10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9254634.
- Azarmipour, M., von Trotha, C., Epple, U., Ansar, Z. and Gries, C. (2020b). Realisierung der NAMUR-Diode mittels Virtualisierung, atp magazin 62(5): 62–67, DOI: 10.17560/atp.v62i5.2472.
- Baldea, M., Edgar, T.F., Stanley, B.L. and Kiss, A.A. (2017). Modular manufacturing processes: Status, challenges, and opportunities, AIChE Journal 63(10): 4262–4272, DOI: 10.1002/aic.15872.
- Basili, V.R., Selby, R.W. and Hutchens, D.H. (1986). Experimentation in software engineering, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering SE-12(7): 733–743, DOI: 10.1109/TSE.1986.6312975.
- Boyes, H., Hallaq, B., Cunningham, J. and Watson, T. (2018). The industrial Internet of things (IIoT): An analysis framework, Computers in Industry 101: 1–12, DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2018.04.015. .
- FOIS (2022). OPC UA security analysis, Technical report, Federal Office for Information Security, Bonn, https://opcfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BSI-OPCUA-2022-EN.pdf.
- Grüner, S. and Trosten, A. (2023). A cloud-native software architecture of NAMUR Open Architecture verification of request using OPC UA PubSub actions over MQTT, 2023 IEEE 28th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Sinaia, Roma-nia, pp. 1–8, DOI: 10.1109/ETFA54631.2023.10275714.
- Hollerer, S., Kastner, W. and Sauter, T. (2021). Towards a threat modeling approach addressing security and safety in OT environments, 2021 17th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS), Linz, Austria, pp. 37–40, DOI: 10.1109/WFCS46889.2021.9483591.
- Honda, T., Hamaguchi, T. and Hashimoto, Y. (2022). OPC UA information transfer via unidirectional data diode for ICS cyber security, 14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1459–1464, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85159-6.50243-8.
- Maharjan, R., Chy, M.S.H., Arju, M.A. and Cerny, T. (2023). Benchmarking message queues, Telecom 4(2): 298–312, DOI: 10.3390/telecom4020018.
- NAMUR (2020). NAMUR Recommendation NE 175: NAMUR Open Architecture: NOA Concept, NAMUR, Leverkusen, https://www.namur.net/en/publications/news-archive/ne-175-is-newly-published.html.
- NAMUR (2025). NAMUR Recommendation NE 178: NAMUR Open Architecture: Verification of Request, NAMUR, Leverkusen, https://www.namur.net/en/publications/news-archive/ne178-namur-open-architecture-verification-of-request-is-newly-published.html.
- OPC Foundation (2023). UA Part 2: Security, Specification OPC 10000-2, OPC Foundation, Scottsdale, https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-2.
- OPC Foundation (2024). UA Part 14: PubSub, Specification OPC 10000-14, OPC Foundation, Scottsdale, https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-14.
- Pakala, H.K. and Diedrich, C. (2025). Modelling of the NAMUR NE 178 “Verification of Request” concept using Pro-Active Asset Administration Shells, at Automatisierungstechnik 73(2): 114–124, DOI: 10.1515/auto-2024-0141.
- Ryu, D., Lee, S., Yang, S., Jeong, J., Lee, Y. and Shin, D. (2024). Enhancing cybersecurity in energy IT infrastructure through a layered defense approach to major malware threats, Applied Sciences 14(22): 10342, DOI: 10.3390/app142210342.
- Schmetz, B., Winter, M., Miny, T. and Kleinert, T. (2025). MTP-Realisierung an einer Multi-Vendor Anlage, ATP Magazine 65(5): 46–54, DOI: 10.17560/atp.v67i5.2779.
- Shaw, M. (2003). Writing good software engineering research papers, 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, Portland, USA, pp. 726–736, DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2003.1201262.
- Zhao, Y., Shagufta, S. and Kleinert, T. (2024). Flexible control configuration in modular plants via control function library, 2024 IEEE 29th International Con-ference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Padova, Italy, pp. 1–7, DOI: 10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710925.
- Zhao, Y., Schoon, H., Schmetz, B., Miny, T., Felke, P. and Kleinert, T. (2025). An architecture of a NOA-based secure Internet of things edge gateway, 2025 IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), Emden, Germany, pp. 1–6, DOI: 10.1109/ICPS65515.2025.11087862.
Language: English
Page range: 329 - 345
Submitted on: May 1, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 5, 2026
Published on: Jun 20, 2026
Published by: University of Zielona Góra
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Yuanchen Zhao, Heiko Schoon, Torben Miny, Patrick Felke, Tobias Kleinert, published by University of Zielona Góra
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.