Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Hate Speech in Poland. Content Analysis and Case Study Cover

Hate Speech in Poland. Content Analysis and Case Study

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Abstract

The aim of our study was to analyse utterances about important groups and social phenomena in Poland in terms of the themes identified by Winiewski et al. (2017) as characteristic of hate speech. The face-to-face study involved 200 people (98 women and 102 men) who described seven selected photographs. Their utterances (N = 1400) were analysed using the method of competent judges. Although the content of hateful speech found in the study was low (56 cases), of the seven social groups that were described by the subjects, two appear to arouse more negative emotions and encourage a greater loss of restraint: people with obesity and Catholic clergy. In future research, it would be useful to pay particular attention to these two social groups in the context of their negative evaluation and its psychological determinants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58734/plc-2026-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2083-8506 | Journal ISSN: 1234-2238
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 22
Published on: Feb 22, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Monika Obrębska, Klaudia Rodziejczak, Jan Odyniec, published by Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 30 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)