Twitter language samples reflect collective emotional responses following political leaders’ rhetoric during the pandemic across four countries
References
- Ahmadian, S., Azarshahi, S., & Paulhus, D. L. (2017). Explaining Donald Trump via communication style: Grandiosity, informality, and dynamism. Personality and Individual Differences, 107, 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.018
- Ashokkumar, A., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2021). The social and psychological changes of the first months of COVID-19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a34qp
- Barbieri, F., Camacho-Collados, J., Neves, L., & Espinosa-Anke, L. (2020). TweetEval: Unified benchmark and comparative evaluation for Tweet classification (arXiv:2010.12421). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12421
- Barry, J. M. (2004). The great influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history. Viking Press.
- Berry-Blunt, A. K., Holtzman, N. S., Donnellan, M. B., & Mehl, M. R. (2021). The story of “I” tracking: Psychological implications of self-referential language use. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12647
- Borelli, J. L., David, D. H., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Sbarra, D. A., Mehl, M. R., & Mayes, L. C. (2013). Language use in the Adult Attachment Interview: Evidence for attachment-specific emotion regulation. Personal Relationships, 20(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01394.x
- Boyd, R. L., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2017). Language-based personality: A new approach to personality in a digital world. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18, 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.017
- Brummette, J., & Fussell Sisco, H. (2015). Using Twitter as a means of coping with emotions and uncontrollable crises. Public Relations Review, 41(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.10.009
- Bryan, M. L., & Jenkins, S. P. (2016). Multilevel modelling of country effects: A cautionary tale. European Sociological Review, 32(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv059
- Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS). (2021). Sprachliche Praktiken in der Schweiz—Erste Ergebnisse der Erhebung zur Sprache, Religion und Kultur 2019. Bundesamt Für Statistik (BFS).
- Butler, E. A., & Randall, A. K. (2012). Emotional coregulation in close relationshiups. Emotion Review, 5(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451630
- Chen, E., Lerman, K., & Ferrara, E. (2020). The First public coronavirus Twitter dataset. https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07372
- Cheng, I. K., Heyl, J., Lad, N., Facini, G., & Grout, Z. (2021). Evaluation of Twitter data for an emerging crisis: An application to the first wave of COVID-19 in the UK. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 19009. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98396-9
- Cohn, M. A., Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004). Linguistic markers of psychological change surrounding September 11, 2001. Psychological Science, 15(10), 687–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00741.x
- Conway, L. G., Gornick, L. J., Burfeind, C., Mandella, P., Kuenzli, A., Houck, S. C., & Fullerton, D. T. (2012). Does complex or simple rhetoric win elections? An integrative complexity analysis of U.S. presidential campaigns: Complexity and electoral success in U.S. presidential campaigns. Political Psychology, 33(5), 599–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00910.x
- Cortina, J. M., & Landis, R. S. (2009). When small effect sizes tell a big story, and when large effect sizes don’t. In: C. Lance & R. J. Vandenberg (Eds.), Statistical and methodological myths and urban legends: Doctrine, verity and fable in the organizational and social sciences (pp. 287–308). Routledge.
- Dunlop, W. L., Karan, A., Wilkinson, D., & Harake, N. (2020). Love in the first degree: Individual differences in first-person pronoun use and adult romantic attachment styles. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(2), 254-265. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619847455
- Dyer, O. (2020). Trump claims public health warnings on COVID-19 are a conspiracy against him. BMJ, m941. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m941
- Falkenbach, M., & Greer, S. L. (2020). Denial and distraction: How the populist radical right responds to COVID-19 comment on “A scoping review of prr parties’ influence on welfare policy and its implication for population health in Europe”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.141
- Garcia, D., Pellert, M., Lasser, J., & Metzler, H. (2021). Social media emotion macroscopes reflect emotional experiences in society at large. ArXiv:2107.13236 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13236
- Garcia, D., & Rimé, B. (2019). Collective emotions and social resilience in the digital traces after a terrorist attack. Psychological Science, 30(4), 617–628. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619831964
- Gelman, A. (2005). Comment: fuzzy and Bayesian p-values and u-values. Statistical Science, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1214/088342305000000368
- Goldenberg, A., & Gross, J. J. (2020). Digital emotion contagion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(4), 316–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.009
- Götz, F. M., Gosling, S. D., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2022). Small effects: The indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(1), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620984483
- Hamilton, J. D. (1994). Time series analysis. Princeton University Press.
- Hanschmidt, F., & Kersting, A. (2021). Emotions in Covid-19 Twitter discourse following the introduction of social contact restrictions in Central Europe. Journal of Public Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01613-y
- Horn, A. B., & Maercker, A. (2016). Intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation and adjustment symptoms in couples: The role of co-brooding and co-reappraisal. BMC Psychology, 4(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0159-7
- Hughes, A., & Wojcik, S. (2019, August 2). 10 facts about Americans and Twitter. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/08/02/10-facts-about-americans-and-twitter/
- Johnson, S. K. (2008). I second that emotion: Effects of emotional contagion and affect at work on leader and follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.12.001
- Jordan, K. (2022). Language analysis in political psychology. In: R. L. Boyd & M. Dehghani (Eds.), Handbook of language analysis in psychology (pp. 159–172). Guilford Publications.
- Jordan, K. N., Pennebaker, J. W., & Ehrig, C. (2018). The 2016 U.S. presidential candidates and how people tweeted about them. SAGE Open, 8(3), 215824401879121. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018791218
- Karan, A., Rosenthal, R., & Robbins, M. L. (2019). Meta-analytic evidence that we-talk predicts relationship and personal functioning in romantic couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(9), 2624–2651. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518795336
- Kramer, A. D. I., Guillory, J. E., & Hancock, J. T. (2014). Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(24), 8788–8790. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320040111
- Kumar, R. (2021). Impact of societal culture on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 52(7), 643–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211025100
- Masiero, M., Mazzocco, K., Harnois, C., Cropley, M., & Pravettoni, G. (2020). From individual to social trauma: Sources of everyday trauma in Italy, the US and UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 21(5), 513–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1787296
- Mehl, M. R. (2012). How taking a word for a word can be problematic: Context-dependent linguistic markers of extraversion and neuroticism. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 3(2), 30–50.
- Meier, T., Boyd, R. L., Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., Martin, M., Wolf, M., & Horn, A. B. (2019). “LIWC auf Deutsch”: The development, psychometrics, and introduction of DE-LIWC2015. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/uq8zt
- Metzler, H., Rimé, B., Pellert, M., Natale, A. D., & Garcia, D. (2022). Collective Emotions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Emotion, 23(3), 844–858. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001111
- Muthen, B., & Asparouhov, T. (2012). Bayesian SEM: A more flexible representation of substantive theory. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 78.
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
- Pellert, M., Lasser, J., Metzler, H., & Garcia, D. (2020). Dashboard of sSentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19. Frontiers in Big Data, 3, 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2020.00032
- Pellert, M., Metzler, H., Matzenberger, M., & Garcia, D. (2022). Validating daily social media macroscopes of emotions. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 11236. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14579-y
- Pennebaker, J. W., Boyd, R. L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2015. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/31333.
- Pennebaker, J. W., Chung, C. K., Frazee, J., Lavergne, G. M., & Beaver, D. I. (2014). When small words foretell academic success: The case of college admissions essays. PLoS One, 9(12), e115844. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115844
- Pennebaker, J. W., & King, L. A. (1999). Linguistic styles: Language use as an individual difference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1296–1312.
- Pennebaker, J. W., & Lay, T. C. (2002). Language use and personality during crises: Analyses of mayor Rudolph Giuliani’s press conferences. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2002.2349
- Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., Kontopantelis, E., Webb, R., Wessely, S., McManus, S., & Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30308-4
- Purdue, D. (2001). Neighbourhood governance: Leadership, trust and social capital. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2211–2224. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980120087135
- Rimé, B. (2007). Interpersonal emotion regulation. In: J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 466–468). The Guilford Press.
- Rimé, B. (2020). Collective responses to collective traumas: Synchronization and collective resilience. In: D. Jodelet, J. Vala, & E. Drozda-Senkowska (Eds.), Societies under threat (Vol. 3, pp. 201–211). Springer International Publishing.
- Rohrbaugh, M. J., Mehl, M. R., Shoham, V., Reilly, E. S., & Ewy, G. A. (2008). Prognostic significance of spouse we talk in couples coping with heart failure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(5), 781. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013238
- Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J., Kern, M. L., Park, G., Sap, M., Stillwell, D., Kosinski, M., & Ungar, L. (2014). Towards assessing changes in degree of depression through Facebook. Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology: From Linguistic Signal to Clinical Reality, 118–125. https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/W14-3214
- Schwartz, H. A., Sap, M., Kern, M. L., Eichstaedt, J. C., Kapelner, A., Agrawal, M., Blanco, E., Dziurzynski, L., Park, G., Stillwell, D., Kosinski, M., Seligman, M. E. P., & Ungar, L. H. (2016). Predicting individual well-being through the language of social media. Biocomputing 2016, 516–527. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814749411_0047
- Seabrook, E. M., Kern, M. L., Fulcher, B. D., & Rickard, N. S. (2018). Predicting depression from language-based emotion dynamics: Longitudinal analysis of Facebook and Twitter status updates. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(5), e168. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9267
- Stevens, G., O’Donnell, V. L., & Williams, L. (2015). Public domain or private data? Developing an ethical approach to social media research in an interdisciplinary project. Educational Research and Evaluation, 21(2), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2015.1024010
- Stone, L. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). Trauma in real time: Talking and avoiding online conversations about the death of princess Diana. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 24(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2403_1
- Tackman, A. M., Sbarra, D. A., Carey, A. L., Donnellan, M. B., Horn, A. B., Holtzman, N. S., Edwards, T. S., Pennebaker, J. W., & Mehl, M. R. (2019). Depression, negative emotionality, and self-referential language: A multi-lab, multi-measure, and multi-language-task research synthesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(5), 817–834. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000187
- Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 24–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676
- Varghese, C., & Xu, W. (2020). Quantifying what could have been—The impact of the Australian and New Zealand governments’ response to COVID-19. Infection, Disease & Health, 25(4), 242–244.
- Wegwarth, O., Wagner, G. G., Spies, C., & Hertwig, R. (2020). Assessment of german public attitudes toward health communications with varying degrees of scientific uncertainty regarding COVID-19. JAMA Network Open, 3(12), e2032335. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32335
Language: English
Page range: 350 - 383
Published on: Aug 2, 2023
Published by: Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Related subjects:
© 2023 Olenka Dworakowski, Ryan L. Boyd, Tabea Meier, Peter Kuppens, Matthias R. Mehl, Fridtjof W. Nussbeck, Andrea B. Horn, published by Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.