Table 1
Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (N = 365)
| Variable | Values | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 171 | 46.8 |
| Gender | Female | 194 | 53.2 |
| Academic discipline | Social Sciences & Humanities | 82 | 22.5 |
| Academic discipline | Economics & Finance | 124 | 34.0 |
| Academic discipline | Foreign Languages | 93 | 25.5 |
| Academic discipline | Natural Sciences & IT | 66 | 18.0 |
| Year of study | First year | 79 | 21.6 |
| Year of study | Second year | 119 | 32.6 |
| Year of study | Third year | 97 | 26.6 |
| Year of study | Fourth year | 70 | 19.2 |
| Institution type | Public university | 200 | 54.8 |
| Institution type | Private university | 165 | 45.2 |
| Academic performance | Excellent | 118 | 32.3 |
| Academic performance | Good | 155 | 42.5 |
| Academic performance | Above average | 55 | 15.1 |
| Academic performance | Average | 15 | 4.1 |
| Academic performance | Other | 22 | 6.0 |
| Living arrangements | In rented room/dormitory | 206 | 56.4 |
| Living arrangements | With family | 121 | 33.2 |
| Living arrangements | With relatives | 38 | 10.4 |
| Age | M (SD) | 19.73 (1.28) | — |
Table 2
Social Media Applications Usage among Participants (N = 365)
| Applications | Min | Max | M | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TikTok | 2 | 5 | 3.92 | 1.021 |
| 1 | 5 | 3.72 | 1.006 | |
| YouTube | 1 | 5 | 3.27 | 1.155 |
| X (formerly Twitter) | 1 | 5 | 1.87 | 1.168 |
Table 3
Purposes of TikTok Usage among Participants (N = 365)
| Purposes | Frequency (n) | Percent of cases (%) |
|---|---|---|
| For entertainment | 329 | 90.1 |
| To keep up with trends | 278 | 76.2 |
| To pass the time | 229 | 62.7 |
| For educational purposes | 180 | 49.3 |
| To support favorite creators/idols | 149 | 40.8 |
| To share personal videos | 68 | 18.6 |
| To monetize content | 40 | 11.0 |
| Other | 14 | 3.8 |
Table 4
Descriptive Statistics and Internal Consistency of the Vietnamese TTAS (n = 365)
| Subscales | Items | M ± SD | α | S-B1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salience | [Subscale Summary Score] | 2.16 ± 1.061 | .666 | .671 |
| Salience | 1. I think about how I could reduce my work/study to spend more time on TikTok | 2.19 ± 1.317 | — | — |
| Salience | 2. I have TikTok in my mind even when I am not using it | 2.13 ± 1.130 | — | — |
| Mood modification | [Subscale Summary Score] | 3.07 ± 0.927 | .362 | .364 |
| Mood modification | 3. I feel calm when I use TikTok | 3.10 ± 1.115 | — | — |
| Mood modification | 4. I use TikTok as a get away from my problems and my thoughts | 3.05 ± 1.255 | — | — |
| Tolerance | [Subscale Summary Score] | 2.79 ± 1.006 | .649 | — |
| Tolerance | 5. I have had difficulties controlling the time I spend on TikTok | 3.08 ± 1.404 | — | — |
| Tolerance | 6. I have had difficulties closing TikTok | 3.00 ± 1.396 | — | — |
| Tolerance | 7. I want to use TikTok more and more | 2.31 ± 1.120 | — | — |
| Withdrawal symptoms | [Subscale Summary Score] | 2.61 ± 1.136 | .704 | .704 |
| Withdrawal symptoms | 8. I feel bad when I cannot use TikTok for some time | 2.42 ± 1.286 | — | — |
| Withdrawal symptoms | 9. I feel sad when I cannot use TikTok for some time | 2.81 ± 1.303 | — | — |
| Conflict | [Subscale Summary Score] | 2.54 ± 1.013 | .766 | — |
| Conflict | 10. I don’t get enough time to do things I want to do because I spend a lot of time on TikTok | 2.61 ± 1.314 | — | — |
| Conflict | 11. I lose sleep due to excessive use of TikTok | 2.52 ± 1.387 | — | — |
| Conflict | 12. I am not able to concentrate on my work/study due to TikTok use | 2.80 ± 1.309 | — | — |
| Conflict | 13. I use TikTok so much that it has had a negative impact on my work/study | 2.22 ± 1.278 | — | — |
| Relapse | [Subscale Summary Score] | 2.25 ± 1.014 | .617 | .617 |
| Relapse | 14. I feel depressed when I do not use TikTok, which goes when I use it | 2.33 ± 1.216 | — | — |
| Relapse | 15. I feel anxious when I do not use TikTok, which goes when I use it | 2.16 ± 1.169 | — | — |
| Overall TTAS | [Scale Summary Score] | 2.58 ± 0.773 | .879 | — |