Comparison between groups with high cumulative adversity (≥4) (N=25) and those with low cumulative adversity (<4) (N=22)
| Patients with score ≥ 4 | Patients with score < 4 | Student t test | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficulty in Emotions Regulation Scale DERS | ||||
| Score total | 98.2 ± 29.32 | 85.86 ± 21.46 | −1.63 | 0.11 |
| Awareness | 17.88 ± 5.8 | 16.18 ± 4.44 | −1.12 | 0.27 |
| Clarity | 13.08 ± 5.96 | 10.36 ± 3.02 | −1.93 | 0.06 |
| Non Acceptance | 15.4 ± 6.37 | 13.64 ± 5.01 | −1.04 | 0.3 |
| Impulse control | 15.52 ± 6.84 | 14.72 ± 6.04 | −0.42 | 0.67 |
| Goals | 15.84 ± 5.44 | 13.5 ± 6.81 | −1.31 | 0.2 |
| Strategies | 21.16 ± 8.02 | 18.04 ± 6.22 | −1.48 | 0.15 |
| Psychopathy Check List of Hare PCL | ||||
| Score total | 31.48 ± 4.19 | 32 ± 2.91 | 0.49 | 0.63 |
| Levenson Self Report Psychopathy LSRP | ||||
| Score total | 60.84 ± 12.77 | 62.82 ± 9.44 | 0.6 | 0.55 |
| Primary psychopathy | 36.72 ± 8.89 | 39.27 ± 6.96 | 1.08 | 03 |
| Secondary psychopathy | 24.12 ± 5.59 | 23.55 ± 4.63 | −038 | 0.71 |
| BARRAT Impulsivity Scale BIS-11 | ||||
| Score total | 68.4 ± 10.54 | 64.68 ± 8.39 | −1.33 | 0.19 |
| Cognitive impulsivity | 18.8 ± 3.99 | 17.32 ± 2.83 | −1.45 | 0.15 |
| Motor Impulsivity | 23.64 ± 4.17 | 22.09 ± 4.06 | −1.29 | 0.2 |
| Difficult planification | 25.96 ± 5.11 | 25.27 ± 4.3 | −0.5 | 0.62 |
| Buss Perry Aggression questionnaire BPAQ | ||||
| Score total | 93.92 ± 16.5 | 96.14 ± 15.54 | 0.47 | 0.64 |
| Physical agressivity | 30.36 ± 6.34 | 33.6 ± 6.79 | 1.69 | 0.1 |
| Verbal agressivity | 18.52 ± 3.78 | 17.59 ± 4.34 | −0.79 | 0.44 |
| Anger | 21.08 ± 6.93 | 21.09 ± 4.83 | 0.01 | 0.1 |
| Hostility | 24.08 ± 6.32 | 23.86 ±6.21 | −0.12 | 0.9 |
Descriptive statistics of the sample for the various psychometric measures (N=47)
| Psychometric measure | Mean ± SD | IC95% |
|---|---|---|
| AGE | 32.4 ± 8.59 | [29.94 – 34.86] |
| ACE | 3.94 ± 2.25 | [3.3 – 4.58] |
| DERS | 92.43 ± 26.41 | [84.88 – 99.98] |
| BIS | 66.66 ± 9.67 | [63.9 – 69.43] |
| PCL | 31.72 ± 3.62 | [30.69 – 32.76] |
| LSRP | 61.77 ± 11.26 | [58.55 – 65] |
| LSRP – Primary psychopathy | 37.91 ± 8.06 | [35.61 – 40.21] |
| LSRP – Secondary psychopathy | 23.85 ± 5.11 | [22.39 – 25.31] |
| BPAQ | 94.96 ± 15.92 | [90.41 – 99.51] |
Correlation between subscales and corrected total score for the psychometric measures used in the study
| Subscale | Corrected total | IC95% | Interpretation (per Cohen) |
| Awareness | 0.17 | [−0.12, 0.44] | N.S |
| Clarity | 0.76*** | [0.6, 0.86] | large |
| Non-Acceptance | 0.41** | [0.14, 0.62] | medium |
| Impulse control | 0.75*** | [0.59, 0.85] | large |
| Goals | 0.75*** | [0.59, 0.85] | large |
| Strategies | 0.76*** | [0.6, 0.86] | large |
| Primary Psychopathy | 0.43** | [0.16, 0.64] | medium |
| Secondary Psychopathy | 0.43** | [0.16, 0.64] | medium |
| Cognitive Impulsivity | 0.38** | [0.1, 0.6] | medium |
| Motor Impulsivity | 0.56*** | [0.33, 0.73] | medium |
| Difficult Planning | 0.52*** | [0.27, 0.7] | medium |
| Physical Aggression | 0.47*** | [0.21, 0.67] | medium |
| Verbal Aggression | 0.22 | [−0.072, 0.48] | N.S. |
| Anger | 0.59*** | [0.36, 0.75] | large |
| Hostility | 0.35** | [0.07, 0.58] | medium |
Correlation between score on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and other psychological constructs (N=47)
| ACE | DERS | BIS | PCL | LSRP | BPAQ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | 1 | |||||
| DERS | 0.26 | 1 | ||||
| BIS | 0.32 | 0.37** | 1 | |||
| PCL | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.37* | 1 | ||
| LSRP | 0.02 | 0.54*** | 0.29 | 0.12 | 1 | |
| BPAQ | 0.01 | 0.67*** | 0.43* | 0.14 | 0.63*** | 1 |
Subscales Intercorrelations for the psychometric measures in the study
| Awareness | Clarity | Non-Acceptance | Impulse control | Goals | Strategies | |
| Awareness | 1 | |||||
| Clarity | 0.33* | 1 | ||||
| Non-Acceptance | −0.05 | 0.46* | 1 | |||
| Impulse Control | 0.27 | 0.61* | 0.26 | 1 | ||
| Goals | 0.2 | 0.58* | 0.51* | 0.69* | 1 | |
| Strategies | 0.19 | 0.67* | 0.43* | 0.77* | 0.67* | 1 |
| Primary Psychop | Secondary Psychop | |||||
| Primary Psychop | 1 | 0.43* | ||||
| Secondary Psychop | 0.43* | 1 | ||||
| Cognitive impulsivity | Motor impulsivity | Difficult planning | ||||
| Cognitive impulsivity | 1 | |||||
| Motor impulsivity | 0.35* | |||||
| Difficult planning | 0.31* | 0.53* | 1 | |||
| Physical | Verbal | Anger | Hostility | |||
| Physical | 1 | |||||
| Verbal | 02 | 1 | ||||
| Anger | 0.53* | 0.23 | 1 | |||
| Hostility | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.39* | 1 | ||