Fig. 1

Fig. 2
![Coordinate systems. Arbitrary point P has cylindrical polar coordinates (r, ϴ) with origin O and curvilinear polar coordinates with origin O; Φ is constant on the curved dashed lines and ρ is constant on the curved full line intersecting the dashed line as redrawn from [11].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=0d16345b9e837f08f70b380241de30f90acbd60bb5c3040046a8ea9c184bcf93&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3
![A compound electrode uses an outer electrode to inject current and an inner electrode to measure voltage as redrawn from [13].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=f2797421dd8042f1ef99e7f7771bb7de1188b52fc3c7c698bca69d643cf47846&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4
![Block diagram of a REIT system based on [20].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=5295e34887621f4abf77a002d734c4e95ef0310ac06843506fc983a67e619ee8&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 5
![(a) Inflatable belt [21] (b) Active electrode belt [22] (c) Nano fiber web electrode belt [23].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=9be53158ecf4f6b733391825939cda1d698c5b57e5e8f1d7a23ed33885fd723b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 6

Fig. 7
![Novel electrode configuration based on [30].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=404117cb61b296d84d14fd77e6d9fab53772e3a563600fdf03dbf658cdf35dd1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 8
![Block diagram of the EIT system redrawn from [31].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=06e24d61dbcc74bbb235e2ca3d3394af441ad2af722eb68ff0fb13c9737e3caa&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 9
![Longitudinal section of the reconstructed images with the perturbations located in the movement region of the brain a) The original distributions of the two perturbations (b) The images reconstructed by the sLORETA alone (c) The images reconstructed by shrinking sLORETA-FOCUSS based on [37].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=412d7280fe839cbf23594026b75b6057b06a1e425dc8cb93fe0590ed4440fc4d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 10
![Plots of the actual and reconstructed conductivities for the virtual phantom chest as re-arranged from [41].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_010.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=2eb97ee60016a1177cc2cf3af91c2d0196303ea769fc9f32ff924f19b71fa046&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 11
![Wavelet image fusion algorithm redrawn from [52].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=6221de1b04eb3ef2ee0aed83f2f0f53256dba320f2d252dabce026565e34f34d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 12
![Meshes refined by COMSOL based on [54].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_012.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=f7d22dcc861705539eccf39c161c989c4e022f67584a0138c44c04a04afd8a2c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 13
![Locations of 3 representative pixels in grids based on [54].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_013.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7e19173de4b09d64dc074df5ab54dfa40350d58f99283cb450febeee066d2c44&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)

![Coordinate systems. Arbitrary point P has cylindrical polar coordinates (r, ϴ) with origin O and curvilinear polar coordinates with origin O; Φ is constant on the curved dashed lines and ρ is constant on the curved full line intersecting the dashed line as redrawn from [11].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=0d16345b9e837f08f70b380241de30f90acbd60bb5c3040046a8ea9c184bcf93&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![A compound electrode uses an outer electrode to inject current and an inner electrode to measure voltage as redrawn from [13].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=f2797421dd8042f1ef99e7f7771bb7de1188b52fc3c7c698bca69d643cf47846&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Block diagram of a REIT system based on [20].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=5295e34887621f4abf77a002d734c4e95ef0310ac06843506fc983a67e619ee8&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![(a) Inflatable belt [21] (b) Active electrode belt [22] (c) Nano fiber web electrode belt [23].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=9be53158ecf4f6b733391825939cda1d698c5b57e5e8f1d7a23ed33885fd723b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)

![Novel electrode configuration based on [30].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=404117cb61b296d84d14fd77e6d9fab53772e3a563600fdf03dbf658cdf35dd1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Block diagram of the EIT system redrawn from [31].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=06e24d61dbcc74bbb235e2ca3d3394af441ad2af722eb68ff0fb13c9737e3caa&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Longitudinal section of the reconstructed images with the perturbations located in the movement region of the brain a) The original distributions of the two perturbations (b) The images reconstructed by the sLORETA alone (c) The images reconstructed by shrinking sLORETA-FOCUSS based on [37].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=412d7280fe839cbf23594026b75b6057b06a1e425dc8cb93fe0590ed4440fc4d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Plots of the actual and reconstructed conductivities for the virtual phantom chest as re-arranged from [41].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_010.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=2eb97ee60016a1177cc2cf3af91c2d0196303ea769fc9f32ff924f19b71fa046&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Wavelet image fusion algorithm redrawn from [52].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=6221de1b04eb3ef2ee0aed83f2f0f53256dba320f2d252dabce026565e34f34d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Meshes refined by COMSOL based on [54].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_012.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=f7d22dcc861705539eccf39c161c989c4e022f67584a0138c44c04a04afd8a2c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Locations of 3 representative pixels in grids based on [54].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721f3d215d2f6c89dbca43/j_jeb.3350_fig_013.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T141021Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7e19173de4b09d64dc074df5ab54dfa40350d58f99283cb450febeee066d2c44&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
© 2017 Venkatratnam Chitturi, Nagi Farrukh, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.