| Virology | Betacoronavirus lineage 2C | Betacoronavirus lineage 2B | Betacoronavirus lineage B |
| Receptor | hDPP4 | ACE2 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) |
| Genome Size | 30.1kb | 27.9kb | 29.9kb |
| Source | Evolutionary origin: bats Intermediate host: Not yet confirmed camel is the likely host Limited | Evolutionary origin: horseshoe bats Intermediate host: palm civets, raccoon dogs, and Chinese ferret badger | Evolutionary origin: horseshoe bat Intermediate host: Pangolin, cats |
| Epidemiology | Zoonotic, human to human transmission, the disease is mostly localized in the Middle East, Eastern Africa, and Northern Africa | Human to human transmission is well-recognized, affected many countries | Human-to-human transmission respiratory droplets is the major route of transmission, fecal-oral route of transmission is considered but unconfirmed, Vertical transmission |
| Respiratory failure | More common | Less common | More common |
| Travel association | Limited travel-associated exposure | Recognized travel-associated exposure | Recognized travel-associated exposure |
| Incubation period | 0–16 days | 2–8 days | 4–8 days |
| Male to Female Ratio | 3.3:1 | 1:1.3 | 2.7:1 |
| Clinical presentation | Unpredictable and erratic clinical course ranging from asymptomatic illness to severe pneumonia | A typical biphasic clinical course | Fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, and most patients (80%) experienced mild illness. |
| Laboratory Features | Leukopenia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (46.6%), and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (42.7%) | Lymphopenia, features of low grade disseminated intravascular coagulation (thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, elevated D-Dimer), elevated alanine transaminases (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CPK) | Higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) |
