Beyond the Grades: Measuring Teacher’s Efficacy for the Psychosocial Grooming of Students

SCALE	N	α	KMO	BTS	COMPONENTS EXTRACTED	VARIANCE EXPLAINED (%)
Both versions combined (QTES)	15	.962	.958	2914.73*	2	75.54
Teacher’s version (QTES -T)	15	.955	.949	1882.53*	2	72.34
Student’s version (QTES -S)	15	.946	.898	764.59*	2	71.73

[i] N = Number of items; a = Cronbach’s Alpha; KMO = Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sample Adequacy; BTS = Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity; *p = .000.

Table 2

Descriptive statistics and reliability of the Qualiquant Teacher’s Efficacy Scale (N = 206; QTES-T = 147; QTES-S = 59).

VARIABLE	RANGE
VARIABLE	ITEMS	α	M	SD	%	POTENTIAL	ACTUAL	SKEWNESS	KURTOSIS
VERSIONS COMBINED
QTES	15	.962	33.21	20.31	44.28	0–75	0–75	0.40	–0.76
Cognitive	6	.922	17.63	8.46	58.76	0–30	0–30	–0.26	–0.93
Moral	9	.960	15.58	13.24	34.62	0–45	0–45	0.69	–0.62
TEACHER’S VERSION
QTES-T	15	.955	38.82	19.42	51.76	0–75	4–74	0.24	–1.00
Cognitive	6	.895	20.06	7.431	66.89	0–30	4–30	–0.45	–0.79
Moral	9	.956	18.75	13.41	41.68	0–45	0–44	0.40	–1.02
STUDENT’S VERSION
QTES-S	15	.946	19.24	15.19	25.65	0–75	0–75	1.04	1.71
Cognitive	6	.920	11.56	7.85	38.53	0–30	0–30	0.42	–0.34
Moral	9	.942	7.68	8.84	17.06	0–45	0–45	1.76	4.46

[i] α = Cronbach’s Alpha; M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation.

Table 3

Communalities and factor structure of the Qualiquant Teacher’s Efficacy Scale.

ITEM	COMBINED VERSION			TEACHER’S VERSION			STUDENT’S VERSION
	EXTRACTION	COGNITIVE	MORAL	EXTRACTION	COGNITIVE	MORAL	EXTRACTION	COGNITIVE	MORAL
1	.694	.821		.573	.757		.728	.834
2	.740	.819		.674	.786		.758	.837
3	.797	.828		.744	.801		.760	.841
4	.773	.796		.721	.763		.751	.817
5	.687	.687		.672	.648		.694	.790
6	.735	.638		.730	.603		.566	.672
7	.725		.669	.717		.675	.603		.576
8	.745		.773	.717		.773	.764		.720
9	.779		.775	.756		.815	.713		.614
10	.780		.816	.776		.802	.717		.818
11	.792		.822	.777		.823	.722		.824
12	.803		.859	.801		.869	.660		.769
13	.760		.847	.748		.850	.742		.845
14	.788		.844	.747		.837	.839		.863
15	.734		.805	.697		.806	.743		.802

[i] Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis; Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Table 4

Item-scale and item-total correlations for the Qualiquant Teacher’s Efficacy Scale – Teacher’s Version (QTES-T).

ITEM NO.	ITEM	STES-T	COGNITIVE	MORAL
1	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to motivate my students toward learning	.462**	.630**
2	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to keep my students attentive in the classroom	.650**	.800**
3	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to improve the intelligence of my students	.722**	.870**
4	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to improve the communicational skills of my students	.743**	.865**
5	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to improve the memory of my students	.783**	.834**
6	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to improve the creativity of my students	.838**	.841**
7	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students respectful toward humanity	.845**		.823**
8	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students sympathetic toward humanity	.831**		.852**
9	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students honest	.840**		.870**
10	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students tolerant	.866**		.889**
11	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students courageous	.855**		.886**
12	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to induce gratitude in my students	.834**		.885**
13	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students humorous	.788**		.846**
14	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to make my students socially intelligent	.811**		.858**
15	As a teacher, I perform the following activities to enhance happiness in my students	.785**		.831**

[i] **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 5

Item-scale and item-total correlations for the Qualiquant Teacher’s Efficacy Scale – Student’s Version (QTES-S).

ITEM NO.	ITEM	STES-S	COGNITIVE	MORAL
1	My teachers perform the following activities to motivate me toward learning	.737**	.864**
2	My teachers perform the following activities to keep me attentive in the classroom	.779**	.870**
3	My teachers perform the following activities to improve the level of my intelligence	.772**	.877**
4	My teachers perform the following activities to improve my communicational skills	.797**	.872**
5	My teachers perform the following activities to improve my memory	.761**	.842**
6	My teachers perform the following activities to improve my creativity	.718**	.744**
7	My teachers perform the following activities to make me respectful toward humanity	.771**		.785**
8	My teachers perform the following activities to make me sympathetic toward humanity	.848**		.888**
9	My teachers perform the following activities to make me sympathetic toward humanity	.832**		.818**
10	My teachers perform the following activities to make me tolerant	.725**		.819**
11	My teachers perform the following activities to make me courageous	.720**		.815**
12	My teachers perform the following activities to induce gratitude in me	.711**		.794**
13	My teachers perform the following activities to make me humorous	.702**		.818**
14	My teachers perform the following activities to make me socially intelligent	.808**		.905**
15	My teachers perform the following activities to enhance happiness in me	.778**		.860**

[i] **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 6

Differences between teachers and students on teacher’s efficacy.

VARIABLE	TEACHERS (n = 147)		STUDENTS (n = 59)		t(204)	p	COHEN’S d
VARIABLE	M	SD	M	SD	t(204)	p	COHEN’S d
Teacher’s efficacy	38.82	19.42	19.24	15.19	6.937	.000	1.069
Cognitive efficacy	20.07	7.43	11.56	7.84	7.311	.000	1.127
Moral efficacy	18.76	13.41	7.68	8.83	5.850	.000	0.902

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.15.1.540 | Journal eISSN: 2304-070X

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Language: English

Page range: 60 - 72

Submitted on: Dec 19, 2022

Accepted on: Apr 5, 2023

Published on: May 9, 2023

Published by: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Teacher’s efficacy,

teacher’s performance,

teacher’s evaluation,

teaching outcome,

educational objectives

© 2023 Waqar Husain, Fayyaz Ahmed Faize, Javaria Urooj, Rabeya Tariq, published by International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 1