Figure 1
Construction, by hand, in 2024 of an Urhobo house being made of wood, bamboo, thatch and mud in Eghwu-Oto, Delta State, Nigeria (Courtesy of Emily Otuvwede Akpomedaye).
Figure 2
A traditional kanaka under construction in front of the Jean-Marie Tjiabao Cultural Centre in Nouméa, New Caledonia, designed by Renzo Piano (Courtesy of Pierre Alain Pantz: reproduced with permission from Renzo Piano Building Workshop Architects).
Figure 3
Terrestrial LiDAR scanner used to document traditional haveli houses in Gujarat, India (Courtesy of the Center for Heritage Conservation, CEPT Research and Development Foundation).
Figure 4
Orthographic representation of the northern façade of the wooden church of Bulgari (Sălaj County, Romania), created in 2024 using a combination of terrestrial LiDAR data and aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry (Courtesy of Călin Șuteu).
Figure 5
Thermal and energy performance simulation model (2018), used for the research project reVer (www.rever.pt) (Courtesy of Jorge Fernandes and Ricardo Mateus).
Figure 6
View of a digital fabrication machine in 2017 incorporating a CNC saw to mill a fish-mouth joint from a bamboo culm in Bogotá, Colombia (Courtesy of Ricardo Assis-Rosa).
Figure 7
A bricklayer uses an AR (Augmented Reality) headset to help him build a mountain refuge (Bothy) out of fired brick in 2020 at Grymsdyke Farm, Oxfordshire (Courtesy of Adam Holloway/Grymsdyke Farm).
Figure 8
Digital home automation, security and entertainment solutions on show at the VIA Gallery’s embedded booth at Computex 2009 in Taipei, Taiwan (Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic).
Figure 9
Vaulted roof of a road-side restaurant built in 2013 using a technique that does not require scaffolding or additional reinforcements in Lagos de Moreno, Mexico (Courtesy of Natalia Rey Cuellar).
Figure 10
Still image from a promotional video on YouTube of the village of Abai Sangir in West Sumatra, Indonesia, emphasising its vernacular architectural heritage (YouTube: available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdR5MFulPvQ).
Figure 11
Article about a German influencer who has bought an abandoned traditional Japanese house and has been renovating it and posting about it on Tiktok (BBC News Online, ‘Meet the Tiktokers buying up Japan’s empty homes’, 19th October 2024: available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/videos/c9wk01d2gvxo).
Figure 12
Images generated in 2025 by Midjourney, a text-to-image AI programme, using the prompt ‘vernacular architecture’ (Courtesy of Adam Holloway).