Number of patients with oral clefts from various regions of Thailand
| Region of Thailand | CL | CPO | CL/CP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern | 39 | 45 | 128 |
| Northeastern | 29 | 40 | 142 |
| Western | - | - | 1 |
| Central | 20 | 41 | 72 |
| Southern | 48 | 38 | 116 |
| Unidentified | 7 | 8 | 10 |
| Total (n = 784) | 143 | 172 | 469 |
Characteristics of patients with oral clefts and unaffected controls
| Variable | Total | CL (n = 143) | CPO (n = 172) | CL/CP (n = 469) | Control (n = 187) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Sex | |||||
| Male | 500 | 67 (46.9%) | 75 (46.6%) | 262 (58.3%) | 96 |
| Female | 441 | 76 (53.2%) | 86 (53.5%) | 188 (41.8%) | 91 |
| P chi-square test | P = 0.42 | P = 0.38 | P = 0.11 | ||
| 2. Nonprescribed drug use during pregnancy | |||||
| No use | 847 | 124 (87.9%) | 148 (86.1%) | 403 (87.6%) | 172 |
| Use | 112 | 17 (12.1%) | 24 (14.0%) | 57 (12.4%) | 14 |
| P chi-square test | P = 0.17 | P = 0.049 P < 0.05 | P = 0.07 | ||
| 3. Smoking during pregnancy | |||||
| No smoking | 942 | 139 (99.3%) | 169 (98.8%) | 451 (98.3%) | 183 |
| Smoking | 13 | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (1.2%) | 8 (1.7%) | 2 |
| P chi-square test | P = 0.73 | P = 0.94 | P = 0.54 | ||
| 4. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | |||||
| None | 924 | 134 (97.8%) | 167 (98.2%) | 439 (95.9%) | 184 |
| More than once per week | 27 | 3 (2.2%) | 3 (1.8%) | 19 (4.2%) | 2 |
| P chi-square test | P = 0.42 | P = 0.58 | P = 0.047 P < 0.05 | ||
| 5. Family history of oral clefts | |||||
| Positive | 158 | 26 (19.3%) | 30 (18.8%) | 98 (22.3%) | 4 |
| Negative | 758 | 109 (80.7%) | 130 (81.2%) | 342 (77.7%) | 177 |
| P chi-square test | P <0.001 | P < 0.001 | P <0.001 | ||