Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis Cover

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Open Access
|Jan 2017

References

  1. 1Aniesona AT, Bamaiyi PH. Retrospective study of cryptosporidiosis among diarrhoeic children in the arid region of north-eastern Nigeria. Zoonoses Public Health. 2014; 61:420-6.2424599810.1111/zph.12088
    AniesonaATBamaiyiPHRetrospective study of cryptosporidiosis among diarrhoeic children in the arid region of north-eastern NigeriaZoonoses Public Health2014614206
  2. 2Bamaiyi PH, Umoh JU, Abdu PA, Idris A. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in birds in Zaria, Nigeria. Borneo J Resour Sci Technol. 2013; 2: 52-9.
    BamaiyiPHUmohJUAbduPAIdrisAThe prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in birds in Zaria, NigeriaBorneo J Resour Sci Technol2013252910.33736/bjrst.278.2013
  3. 3Rossle NF, Latif B. Cryptosporidiosis as threatening health problem: a review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 3:916-24.10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60179-3
    RossleNFLatifBCryptosporidiosis as threatening health problem: a reviewAsian Pac J Trop Biomed2013391624
  4. 4Wang Y, Yang W, Cama V, Wang L, Cabrera L, Ortega Y, et al. Population genetics of Cryptosporidium meleagridis in humans and birds: evidence for cross-species transmission. Int J Parasitol. 2014; 44: 515-21.10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.03.00324727090
    WangYYangWCamaVWangLCabreraLOrtegaYet alPopulation genetics of Cryptosporidium meleagridis in humans and birds: evidence for cross-species transmissionInt J Parasitol2014445152124727090
  5. 5Inpankaew T, Jiyipong T, Wongpanit K, Pinyopanuwat N, Chimnoi W, Kengradomkij C, et al. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes from northeast Thailand. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014; 46:487-90.10.1007/s11250-013-0499-824233462
    InpankaewTJiyipongTWongpanitKPinyopanuwatNChimnoiWKengradomkijCet alMolecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes from northeast ThailandTrop Anim Health Prod2014464879024233462
  6. 6Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014; 27:575-86.2498232210.1128/CMR.00115-13
    SponsellerJKGriffithsJKTziporiSThe evolution of respiratory cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalationClin Microbiol Rev20142757586413589524982322
  7. 7Ryan U, Power M. Cryptosporidium species in Australian wildlife and domestic animals. Parasitology. 2012; 139:1673-88.2290683610.1017/S0031182012001151
    RyanUPowerMCryptosporidium species in Australian wildlife and domestic animalsParasitology201213916738822906836
  8. 8Ng J, Yang R, McCarthy S, Gordon C, Hijjawi N, Ryan U. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned calves in Western Australia and New South Wales. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 176:145-50.2113057810.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.056
    NgJYangRMcCarthySGordonCHijjawiNRyanUMolecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned calves in Western Australia and New South WalesVet Parasitol20111761455021130578
  9. 9Ryan UNA, Fayer R, Xiao L. Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs. Parasitology. 2014; 141:1667-85.10.1017/S003118201400108525111501
    RyanUNAFayerRXiaoLCryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needsParasitology201414116678525111501
  10. 10Bodager JR, Parsons MB, Wright PC, Rasambainarivo F, Roellig D, Xiao L, et al. Complex epidemiology and zoonotic potential for Cryptosporidium suis in rural Madagascar. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 207:140-3.2548128010.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.013
    BodagerJRParsonsMBWrightPCRasambainarivoFRoelligDXiaoLet alComplex epidemiology and zoonotic potential for Cryptosporidium suis in rural MadagascarVet Parasitol2015207140325481280
  11. 11Wong SSY. The sick returned traveller. Top Updat Hong Kong Coll Pathol. 2016; 11:1-10.
    WongSSYThe sick returned travellerTop Updat Hong Kong Coll Pathol201611110
  12. 12Miller RA, Bronsdon MA, Morton WR. Experimental cryptosporidiosis in a primate model. J Infect Dis 1990; 161:312-5.10.1093/infdis/161.2.312
    MillerRABronsdonMAMortonWRExperimental cryptosporidiosis in a primate modelJ Infect Dis19901613125
  13. 13Aly I, Taher H, El-Feky F. Efficacy of low and high dose of paromomycin sulfate for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed infected-mice. Glob Vet. 2015; 15:137-43.
    AlyITaherHEl-FekyFEfficacy of low and high dose of paromomycin sulfate for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed infected-miceGlob Vet20151513743
  14. 14Acikgoz Y, Ozkaya O, Bek K, Genc G, Sensoy SG, Hokelek M. Cryptosporidiosis: a rare and severe infection in a pediatric renal transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplant. 2012; 16:E115-9.10.1111/j.1399-3046.2011.01473.x
    AcikgozYOzkayaOBekKGencGSensoySGHokelekMCryptosporidiosis: a rare and severe infection in a pediatric renal transplant recipientPediatr Transplant201216E1159
  15. 15Savioli L, Smith H, Thompson A. Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the “neglected diseases initiative.” Trends Parasitol. 2006; 22:203-8.10.1016/j.pt.2006.02.015
    SavioliLSmithHThompsonAGiardia and Cryptosporidium join the “neglected diseases initiative” Trends Parasitol2006222038
  16. 16Fayer R. General Biology. In: Fayer R, Xiao L, editors. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. 2nd ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2008, p.4-6.
    FayerRCryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis2ndBoca RatonCRC Press, Taylor and Francis GroupInFayerRXiaoL20084610.1201/9781420052275
  17. 17Clarke JJ. Memoirs: A study of coccidia met with in mice. Q J Microsc Sci. 1895; s2-37:277-83.
    ClarkeJJMemoirs: A study of coccidia met with in miceQ J Microsc Sci1895s2-372778310.1242/jcs.s2-37.147.277
  18. 18Tyzzer EE. A sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouse. Exp Biol Med. 1907; 5:12-3.10.3181/00379727-5-5
    TyzzerEEA sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouseExp Biol Med19075123
  19. 19Maurya PS, Garg R, Banerjee PS, Kumar S, Rakesh RL, Kundu K, et al. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium species reveals prevalence of zoonotic C. parvum subtype in bovine calves of north India. Indian J Anim Sci. 2013; 83:1018-23.
    MauryaPSGargRBanerjeePSKumarSRakeshRLKunduKet alGenotyping of Cryptosporidium species reveals prevalence of zoonotic C. parvum subtype in bovine calves of north IndiaIndian J Anim Sci201383101823
  20. 20Kurniawan A, Dwintasari SW, Connelly L, Nichols RAB, Yunihastuti E, Karyadi T, et al. Cryptosporidium species from human immunodeficiency–infected patients with chronic diarrhea in Jakarta, Indonesia. Ann Epidemiol. 2013; 23:720-3.2397261810.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.019
    KurniawanADwintasariSWConnellyLNicholsRABYunihastutiEKaryadiTet alCryptosporidium species from human immunodeficiency–infected patients with chronic diarrhea in Jakarta, IndonesiaAnn Epidemiol2013237203
  21. 21Lim YAL, Jex AR, Smith H V, Gasser RB. Cryptosporidiosis in Southeast Asia: what’s out there?. Adv Parasitol. 2010; 71:1-31.10.1016/S0065-308X(10)71003-4
    LimYALJexARSmithH VGasserRBCryptosporidiosis in Southeast Asia: what’s out there?Adv Parasitol201071131
  22. 22Ng-Hublin JSY, Hargrave D, Combs B, Ryan U. Investigation of a swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Epidemiol Infect. 2015; 143: 1037-41.2570347410.1017/S095026881400106X
    Ng-HublinJSYHargraveDCombsBRyanUInvestigation of a swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the Kimberley region of Western AustraliaEpidemiol Infect201514310374125703474
  23. 23Fayer R, Santín M, Macarisin D. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum n. sp. in animals and humans. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:23-32.10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.02820537798
    FayerRSantínMMacarisinDCryptosporidium ubiquitum n. sp. in animals and humansVet Parasitol2010172233220537798
  24. 24Jiang Y, Ren J, Yuan Z, Liu A, Zhao H, Liu H, et al. Cryptosporidium andersoni as a novel predominant Cryptosporidium species in outpatients with diarrhea in Jiangsu Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14: 555. doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0555-7.2534438710.1186/s12879-014-0555-7
    JiangYRenJYuanZLiuAZhaoHLiuHet alCryptosporidium andersoni as a novel predominant Cryptosporidium species in outpatients with diarrhea in Jiangsu Province, ChinaBMC Infect Dis201414555doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0555-7422504225344387
  25. 25Molina-Lopez RA, Ramis A, Martin-Vazquez S, Gomez-Couso H, Ares-Mazas E, Caccio SM, et al. Cryptosporidium baileyi infection associated with an outbreak of ocular and respiratory disease in otus owls (Otus scops) in a rehabilitation centre. Avian Pathol. 2010; 39:171-6.10.1080/03079451003717589
    Molina-LopezRARamisAMartin-VazquezSGomez-CousoHAres-MazasECaccioSMet alCryptosporidium baileyi infection associated with an outbreak of ocular and respiratory disease in otus owls (Otus scops) in a rehabilitation centreAvian Pathol201039171620544422
  26. 26Blagburn BL, Lindsay DS, Hoerr FJ, Davis JF, Giambrone JJ. Pathobiology of cryptosporidiosis (C. baileyi) in broiler chickens. J Protozool. 1991; 38:25S-8S.
    BlagburnBLLindsayDSHoerrFJDavisJFGiambroneJJPathobiology of cryptosporidiosis (C. baileyi) in broiler chickensJ Protozool19913825S8S
  27. 27Murakoshi F, Tozawa Y, Inomata A, Horimoto T, Wada Y, Kato K. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from calves in Ishikari District, Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2013; 75: 837-40.10.1292/jvms.12-043523411407
    MurakoshiFTozawaYInomataAHorimotoTWadaYKatoKMolecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from calves in Ishikari District, Hokkaido, JapanJ Vet Med Sci2013758374023411407
  28. 28Xu H, Jin Y, Wu W, Li P, Wang L, Li N, et al. Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Shanghai, China. Parasit Vectors. 2016; 9:121.10.1186/s13071-016-1409-526932267
    XuHJinYWuWLiPWangLLiNet alGenotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Shanghai, ChinaParasit Vectors20169121477401226932267
  29. 29Koehler A V, Whipp MJ, Haydon SR, Gasser RB. Cryptosporidium cuniculus – new records in human and kangaroo in Australia. Parasit Vectors. 2014; 7: 492. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0492-8.2535908110.1186/s13071-014-0492-8
    KoehlerA VWhippMJHaydonSRGasserRBCryptosporidium cuniculus – new records in human and kangaroo in AustraliaParasit Vectors2014749210.1186/s13071-014-0492-8422172225359081
  30. 30Puleston RL, Mallaghan CM, Modha DE, Hunter PR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Regan CM, et al. The first recorded outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium cuniculus (formerly rabbit genotype), following a water quality incident. J Water Health. 2014; 12:41-50.2464243110.2166/wh.2013.097
    PulestonRLMallaghanCMModhaDEHunterPRNguyen-Van-TamJSReganCMet alThe first recorded outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium cuniculus (formerly rabbit genotype), following a water quality incidentJ Water Health201412415024642431
  31. 31Kváè M, Hofmannová L, Hlásková L, Kvìtoòová D, Vítovec J, McEvoy J, et al. Cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in hedgehogs. Vet Parasitol. 2014; 201:9-17.10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.01424529828
    KváèMHofmannováLHláskováLKvìtoòováDVítovecJMcEvoyJet alCryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in hedgehogsVet Parasitol201420191724529828
  32. 32Dowle M, Hill NJ, Power ML. Cryptosporidium from a free-ranging marsupial host: bandicoots in urban Australia. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 198:197-200.10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.01724054949
    DowleMHillNJPowerMLCryptosporidium from a free-ranging marsupial host: bandicoots in urban AustraliaVet Parasitol201319819720024054949
  33. 33Scorza V, Willmott A, Gunn-Moore D, Lappin MR. Cryptosporidium felis in faeces from cats in the UK. Vet Rec. 2014; 174:609.24789855
    ScorzaVWillmottAGunn-MooreDLappinMRCryptosporidium felis in faeces from cats in the UKVet Rec201417460910.1136/vr.10220524789855
  34. 34Xiao S, An W, Chen Z, Zhang D, Yu J, Yang M. Occurrences and genotypes of Cryptosporidium oocysts in river network of southern-eastern China. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110:1701-9.10.1007/s00436-011-2688-622006191
    XiaoSAnWChenZZhangDYuJYangMOccurrences and genotypes of Cryptosporidium oocysts in river network of southern-eastern ChinaParasitol Res20121101701922006191
  35. 35Chelladurai JJ, Clark ME, Kváè M, Holubová N, Khan E, Stenger BLS, et al. Cryptosporidium galli and novel Cryptosporidium avian genotype VI in North American red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Parasitol Res. 2016; 115:1901-6.2681894510.1007/s00436-016-4930-8
    ChelladuraiJJClarkMEKváèMHolubováNKhanEStengerBLSet alCryptosporidium galli and novel Cryptosporidium avian genotype VI in North American red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)Parasitol Res201611519016
  36. 36Widerström M, Schönning C, Lilja M, Lebbad M, Ljung T, Allestam G, et al. Large outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection transmitted through the public water supply, Sweden. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014; 20:581-9.10.3201/eid2004.12141524655474
    WiderströmMSchönningCLiljaMLebbadMLjungTAllestamGet alLarge outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection transmitted through the public water supply, SwedenEmerg Infect Dis2014205819
  37. 37Nolan MJ, Jex AR, Koehler AV., Haydon SR, Stevens MA, Gasser RB. Molecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern Australia. Water Res. 2013; 47:1726-40.2335779210.1016/j.watres.2012.12.027
    NolanMJJexARKoehlerAVHaydonSRStevensMAGasserRBMolecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern AustraliaWater Res201347172640
  38. 38Baroudi D, Khelef D, Goucem R, Adjou KT, Adamu H, Zhang H, et al. Common occurrence of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens and turkeys in Algeria. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 196:334-40.2349864710.1016/j.vetpar.2013.02.022
    BaroudiDKhelefDGoucemRAdjouKTAdamuHZhangHet alCommon occurrence of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens and turkeys in AlgeriaVet Parasitol201319633440
  39. 39Koinari M, Karl S, Ng-Hublin J, Lymbery AJ, Ryan UM. Identification of novel and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in fish from Papua New Guinea. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 198:1-9.10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.03124064001
    KoinariMKarlSNg-HublinJLymberyAJRyanUMIdentification of novel and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in fish from Papua New GuineaVet Parasitol201319819
  40. 40Alvarez-Pellitero P, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. Cryptosporidium molnari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting two marine fish species, Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32: 1007-21.10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00058-912076630
    Alvarez-PelliteroPSitjà-BobadillaACryptosporidium molnari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting two marine fish species, Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax LInt J Parasitol200232100721
  41. 41Tyzzer EE. An extracellular coccidium, Cryptosporidium muris (gen. et sp. nov.), of the gastric glands of the common mouse. J Med Res. 1910; 23:487.19971982
    TyzzerEEAn extracellular coccidium, Cryptosporidium muris (gen. et sp. nov.), of the gastric glands of the common mouseJ Med Res191023487
  42. 42DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB, Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:855-9.10.1056/NEJM1995033033213047870140
    DuPontHLChappellCLSterlingCROkhuysenPCRoseJBJakubowskiWThe infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteersN Engl J Med199533285597870140
  43. 43Fayer R, Santín M, Trout JM. Cryptosporidium ryanae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus). Vet Parasitol. 2008; 156:191–8.10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.05.02418583057
    FayerRSantínMTroutJMCryptosporidium ryanae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus)Vet Parasitol2008156191818583057
  44. 44Kváè M, Kestøánová M, Pinková M, Kvìtoòová D, Kalinová J, Wagnerová P, et al. Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa). Vet Parasitol. 2013; 191: 218-27.10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.09.00523021264
    KváèMKestøánováMPinkováMKvìtoòováDKalinováJWagnerováPet alCryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa)Vet Parasitol201319121827352573623021264
  45. 45Cranfield MR, Graczyk TK. Experimental infection of elaphid snakes with Cryptosporidium serpentis (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae). J Parasitol. 1994; 823-6.7931919
    CranfieldMRGraczykTKExperimental infection of elaphid snakes with Cryptosporidium serpentis (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae)J Parasitol1994823610.2307/3283265
  46. 46Koudela B, Modry D. New species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1998; 45:93-100.
    KoudelaBModryDNew species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from lizardsFolia Parasitol (Praha)19984593100
  47. 47Ryan UM, Monis P, Enemark HL, Sulaiman I, Samarasinghe B, Read C, et al. Cryptosporidium suis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (Sus scrofa). J Parasitol. 2004; 90:769-73.1535706710.1645/GE-202R1
    RyanUMMonisPEnemarkHLSulaimanISamarasingheBReadCet alCryptosporidium suis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (Sus scrofa)J Parasitol2004907697315357067
  48. 48Ren X, Zhao J, Zhang L, Ning C, Jian F, Wang R, et al. Cryptosporidium tyzzeri n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in domestic mice (Mus musculus). Exp Parasitol. 2012; 130:274-81.2180303810.1016/j.exppara.2011.07.012
    RenXZhaoJZhangLNingCJianFWangRet alCryptosporidium tyzzeri n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in domestic mice (Mus musculus)Exp Parasitol20121302748121803038
  49. 49Fayer R, Santín M, Macarisin D. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum n. sp. in animals and humans. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 172:23-32.10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.02820537798
    FayerRSantínMMacarisinDCryptosporidium ubiquitum n. sp. in animals and humansVet Parasitol2010172233220537798
  50. 50Pavlasek I, Ryan U. Cryptosporidium varanii takes precedence over C. saurophilum. Exp Parasitol. 2008; 118:434-7.10.1016/j.exppara.2007.09.006
    PavlasekIRyanUCryptosporidium varanii takes precedence over C. saurophilumExp Parasitol2008118434717945215
  51. 51Elwin K, Hadfield SJ, Robinson G, Crouch ND, Chalmers RM. Cryptosporidium viatorum n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) among travellers returning to Great Britain from the Indian subcontinent, 2007–2011. Int J Parasitol. 2012; 42:675-82.2263395210.1016/j.ijpara.2012.04.016
    ElwinKHadfieldSJRobinsonGCrouchNDChalmersRMCryptosporidium viatorum n. sp.(Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) among travellers returning to Great Britain from the Indian subcontinent, 2007–2011Int J Parasitol2012426758222633952
  52. 52Vetterling JM, Jervis HR, Merrill TG, Sprinz H. Cryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. from the guinea pig Cavia porcellus, with an emendation of the genus. J Protozool. 1971; 18:243-7.10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03315.x
    VetterlingJMJervisHRMerrillTGSprinzHCryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. from the guinea pig Cavia porcellus, with an emendation of the genusJ Protozool19711824374997038
  53. 53Fayer R, Santín M. Cryptosporidium xiaoi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in sheep (Ovis aries). Vet Parasitol. 2009; 164:192-200.10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.01119501967
    FayerRSantínMCryptosporidium xiaoi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in sheep (Ovis aries)Vet Parasitol200916419220019501967
  54. 54Current WL, Garcia LS. Cryptosporidiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991; 4:325-58.188904610.1128/CMR.4.3.325
    CurrentWLGarciaLSCryptosporidiosisClin Microbiol Rev19914325583582021889046
  55. 55Dhillon AS, Thacker HL, Dietzel A V, Winterfield RW. Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 1981; 747-51.7316908
    DhillonASThackerHLDietzelA VWinterfieldRWRespiratory cryptosporidiosis in broiler chickensAvian Dis19817475110.2307/1590007
  56. 56Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014; 27:575-86.2498232210.1128/CMR.00115-13
    SponsellerJKGriffithsJKTziporiSThe evolution of respiratory cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalationClin Microbiol Rev20142757586413589524982322
  57. 57Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Peterson DE, et al. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:161-7.781864010.1056/NEJM199407213310304
    MacKenzie WRHoxieNJProctorMEGradusMSBlairKAPetersonDEet alA massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supplyN Engl J Med19943311617
  58. 58Casman EA, Fischhoff B, Palmgren C, Small MJ, Wu F. An integrated risk model of a drinking-water–borne cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Risk Anal. 2000; 20: 495-512.10.1111/0272-4332.20404711051073
    CasmanEAFischhoffBPalmgrenCSmallMJWuFAn integrated risk model of a drinking-water–borne cryptosporidiosis outbreakRisk Anal200020495512
  59. 59Leitch GJ, He Q. Cryptosporidiosis-an overview. J Biomed Res. 2012; 25:1-16.2268545210.1016/S1674-8301(11)60001-8
    LeitchGJHeQCryptosporidiosis-an overviewJ Biomed Res201225116
  60. 60Yoder JS, Beach MJ. Cryptosporidium surveillance and risk factors in the United States. Exp Parasitol. 2010; 124:31-9.10.1016/j.exppara.2009.09.02019786022
    YoderJSBeachMJCryptosporidium surveillance and risk factors in the United StatesExp Parasitol2010124319
  61. 61Ziegler PE, Wade SE, Schaaf SL, Stern DA, Nadareski CA, Mohammed HO. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern New York State. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 147:176-84.10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.02417466459
    ZieglerPEWadeSESchaafSLSternDANadareskiCAMohammedHOPrevalence of Cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern New York StateVet Parasitol200714717684
  62. 62Goldstein ST, Juranek DD, Ravenholt O, Hightower AW, Martin DG, Mesnik JL, et al. Cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:459-68.10.7326/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-000018602703
    GoldsteinSTJuranekDDRavenholtOHightowerAWMartinDGMesnikJLet alCryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatmentAnn Intern Med199612445968
  63. 63Feng Y, Wang L, Duan L, Gomez-Puerta LA, Zhang L, Zhao X, et al. Extended outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric hospital, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18:312-4.10.3201/eid1802.110666
    FengYWangLDuanLGomez-PuertaLAZhangLZhaoXet alExtended outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric hospital, ChinaEmerg Infect Dis2012183124
  64. 64Banwat EB, Egah DZ, Audu ES, Onile BA, Datong PR. Cryptosporidium infection in undernourished children with HIV/AIDS in Jos, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2004; 3:80-2.
    BanwatEBEgahDZAuduESOnileBADatongPRCryptosporidium infection in undernourished children with HIV/AIDS in Jos, NigeriaAnn Afr Med20043802
  65. 65Maikai BV, Baba-Onoja EBT, Elisha IA. Contamination of raw vegetables with Cryptosporidium oocysts in markets within Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Food Control. 2013; 31:45-8.10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.032
    MaikaiBVBaba-OnojaEBTElishaIAContamination of raw vegetables with Cryptosporidium oocysts in markets within Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State, NigeriaFood Control201331458
  66. 66Sia Su GL, Mariano CMR, Matti NSA, Ramos GB. Assessing parasitic infestation of vegetables in selected markets in Metro Manila, Philippines. Asian Pacific J Trop Dis. 2012; 2:51-4.10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60012-7
    Sia SuGLMarianoCMRMattiNSARamosGBAssessing parasitic infestation of vegetables in selected markets in Metro Manila, PhilippinesAsian Pacific J Trop Dis20122514
  67. 67Kanya DY, Samuel UU, Abdulkareem BO. Prevalence and socio-environmental predictors of cryptosporidiosis in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Am J Biosci Bioeng. 2015; 3:149-57.
    KanyaDYSamuelUUAbdulkareemBOPrevalence and socio-environmental predictors of cryptosporidiosis in Kebbi State, NigeriaAm J Biosci Bioeng2015314957
  68. 68Abu Samra N, Thompson PN, Jori F, Frean J, Poonsamy B, du Plessis D, et al. Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrhoeic children from four provinces in South Africa. Zoonoses Pub Health. 2013; 60:154-9.10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01507.x
    AbuSamra NThompsonPNJoriFFreanJPoonsamyBduPlessis Det alGenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in diarrhoeic children from four provinces in South AfricaZoonoses Pub Health201360154922712773
  69. 69Gatei W, Suputtamongkol Y, Waywa D, Ashford RW, Bailey JW, Greensill J, et al. Zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium are as prevalent as the anthroponotic in HIV-infected patients in Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002; 96:797-802.10.1179/00034980212500220212625934
    GateiWSuputtamongkolYWaywaDAshfordRWBaileyJWGreensillJet alZoonotic species of Cryptosporidium are as prevalent as the anthroponotic in HIV-infected patients in ThailandAnn Trop Med Parasitol20029679780212625934
  70. 70Tiangtip R, Jongwutiwes S. Molecular analysis of Cryptosporidium species isolated from HIV-infected patients in Thailand. Trop Med Int Health. 2002; 7: 357-64.1195295210.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00855.x
    TiangtipRJongwutiwesSMolecular analysis of Cryptosporidium species isolated from HIV-infected patients in ThailandTrop Med Int Health200273576411952952
  71. 71Srisuphanunt M, Saksirisampant W, Karanis P. Prevalence and genotyping of Cryptosporidium isolated from HIV/AIDS patients in urban areas of Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011; 105:463-8.10.1179/1364859411Y.000000003222117856
    SrisuphanuntMSaksirisampantWKaranisPPrevalence and genotyping of Cryptosporidium isolated from HIV/AIDS patients in urban areas of ThailandAnn Trop Med Parasitol20111054638410030722117856
  72. 72Menon BS, Abdullah S, Mahamud F, Morgan UM, Malik AS, Choo KE, et al. Low prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in hospitalized children in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001; 32:319-22.
    MenonBSAbdullahSMahamudFMorganUMMalikASChooKEet alLow prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in hospitalized children in Kota Bharu, MalaysiaSoutheast Asian J Trop Med Public Health20013231922
  73. 73Iqbal A, Dixon BR, Surin J, Lim YAL. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in HIV / AIDS patients in Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 2015; 32:310-22.26691260
    IqbalADixonBRSurinJLimYALMolecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in HIV / AIDS patients in MalaysiaTrop Biomed20153231022
  74. 74Lim YAL, Mahdy MAK, Surin J., editors. Unravelling Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Southeast Asia. In Lim YAL, Mahdy MAK, Surin J., ed. Parasites and their vectors. New York: Springer. 2013; p77-102.
    LimYALMahdyMAKSurinJUnravelling Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Southeast AsiaInLimYALMahdyMAKSurinJParasites and their vectorsNew YorkSpringer20137710210.1007/978-3-7091-1553-4_5
  75. 75Koompapong K, Sukthana Y. Seasonal variation and potential sources of Cryptosporidium contamination in surface waters of Chao Phraya River and Bang Pu nature reserve pier, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2012; 43:832-40.23077804
    KoompapongKSukthanaYSeasonal variation and potential sources of Cryptosporidium contamination in surface waters of Chao Phraya River and Bang Pu nature reserve pier, ThailandSoutheast Asian J Trop Med Public Health20124383240
  76. 76Kumar T, Onichandran S, Lim YAL, Sawangjaroen N, Ithoi I, Andiappan H, et al. Comparative study on waterborne parasites between Malaysia and Thailand: a new insight. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014; 90:682-9.2456731510.4269/ajtmh.13-0266
    KumarTOnichandranSLimYALSawangjaroenNIthoiIAndiappanHet alComparative study on waterborne parasites between Malaysia and Thailand: a new insightAm J Trop Med Hyg2014906829397351324567315
  77. 77Rohela M, Lim YA, Jamaiah I, Khadijah PY, Laang ST, Nazri MHM, et al. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in wrinkled hornbill and other birds in the Kuala Lumpur National Zoo. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Heal. 2005; 36(Suppl 4):34-40.
    RohelaMLimYAJamaiahIKhadijahPYLaangSTNazriMHMet alOccurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in wrinkled hornbill and other birds in the Kuala Lumpur National ZooSoutheast Asian J Trop Med Public Heal200536Suppl 43440
  78. 78Graczyk TK, Cranfield MR, Fayer R, Anderson MS. Viability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are retained upon intestinal passage through a refractory avian host. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996; 62:3234-7.8795213
    GraczykTKCranfieldMRFayerRAndersonMSViability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are retained upon intestinal passage through a refractory avian hostAppl Environ Microbiol1996623234710.1128/aem.62.9.3234-3237.19961681198795213
  79. 79Maity SN, Rahman SS. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected and non-infected patients with diarrhoea in a teaching hospital Hyderabad, India. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2015; 4:454-9.
    MaitySNRahmanSSCryptosporidiosis in HIV infected and non-infected patients with diarrhoea in a teaching hospital Hyderabad, IndiaInt J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci201544549
  80. 80Dey A, Ghoshal U, Agarwal V, Ghoshal UC. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium species and their clinical manifestations in patients with renal transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Pathog. 2016; 2016:2623602. doi: 10.1155/2016/2623602.26981284
    DeyAGhoshalUAgarwalVGhoshalUCGenotyping of Cryptosporidium species and their clinical manifestations in patients with renal transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infectionJ Pathog20162016262360210.1155/2016/2623602476974926981284
  81. 81Ehsan AM, Geurden T, Casaert S, Parvin SM, Islam TM, Ahmed UM, et al. Assessment of zoonotic transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium between cattle and humans in rural villages in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2015; 10:1-11.
    EhsanAMGeurdenTCasaertSParvinSMIslamTMAhmedUMet alAssessment of zoonotic transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium between cattle and humans in rural villages in BangladeshPLoS One20151011110.1371/journal.pone.0118239433502225695662
  82. 82Monge R, Chinchilla M. Presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fresh vegetables. J Food Prot. 1996; 59: 202-3.10.4315/0362-028X-59.2.202
    MongeRChinchillaMPresence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fresh vegetablesJ Food Prot199659202331158995
  83. 83Fayer R. Effect of high temperature on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water time (min). 1994; 60:2732-5.
    FayerREffect of high temperature on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water time (min)10.1128/aem.60.8.2732-2735.19942017168085816
  84. 84Gallaher MM, Herndon JL, Nims LJ, Sterling CR, Grabowski DJ, Hull HF. Cryptosporidiosis and surface water. Am J Public Health. 1989; 79:39-42.290918010.2105/AJPH.79.1.39
    GallaherMMHerndonJLNimsLJSterlingCRGrabowskiDJHullHFCryptosporidiosis and surface waterAm J Public Health1989793942
  85. 85Checkley W, White AC, Jaganath D, Arrowood MJ, Chalmers RM, Chen X-M, et al. A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015; 15:85-94.2527822010.1016/S1473-3099(14)70772-8
    CheckleyWWhiteACJaganathDArrowoodMJChalmersRMChenX-Met alA review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidiumLancet Infect Dis2015158594
  86. 86Benjamin N, Uchechukwu C, Ikechukwu D, Oliver A, Muodebe N. Cryptosporidiosis among children in some rural parts of Imo state, Nigeria. J Public Heal Epidemiol. 2013; 5:440-4.
    BenjaminNUchechukwuCIkechukwuDOliverAMuodebeNCryptosporidiosis among children in some rural parts of Imo state, NigeriaJ Public Heal Epidemiol201354404
  87. 87Tellevik MG, Moyo SJ, Blomberg B, Hjøllo T, Maselle S Y, Langeland N, et al. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among young children with and without diarrhea in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 9:e0004125.10.1371/journal.pntd.0004125
    TellevikMGMoyoSJBlombergBHjølloTMaselleS YLangelandNet alPrevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among young children with and without diarrhea in Dares Salaam, TanzaniaPLoS Negl Trop Dis20159e0004125459973026452235
  88. 88Agnew DG, Lima AA, Newman RD, Wuhib T, Moore RD, Guerrant RL, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in northeastern Brazilian children, association with increased diarrhea morbidity. J Infect Dis. 1998; 177: 754-60.949845810.1086/514247
    AgnewDGLimaAANewmanRDWuhibTMooreRDGuerrantRLet alCryptosporidiosis in northeastern Brazilian children, association with increased diarrhea morbidityJ Infect Dis1998177754609498458
  89. 89Newman R, Sears C. Longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in northeastern Brazil. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180:167-75.10.1086/31482010353875
    NewmanRSearsCLongitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in northeastern BrazilJ Infect Dis19991801677510353875
  90. 90European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Increased Cryptosporidium infections in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Germany in 2012. WHO Reg Off Eur 2012: 1-7. [online] 2012 [cited 2015 December 27] Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/cryptosporidium-infectionss-netherlands-united-kingdom-germany-risk-assessment.pdf
    European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Increased Cryptosporidium infections in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Germany in 2012WHO Reg Off Eur. 2012: 1-7[online]2012cited2015December27Available fromhttp://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/cryptosporidium-infectionss-netherlands-united-kingdom-germany-risk-assessment.pdf
  91. 91Cardona GA, Carabin H, Goñi P, Arriola L, Robinson G, Fernández-Crespo JC, et al. Identification and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in children and cattle populations from the province of Álava, North of Spain. Sci Total Environ. 2011; 412-413:101-8.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.07622030246
    CardonaGACarabinHGoñiPArriolaLRobinsonGFernández-CrespoJCet alIdentification and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in children and cattle populations from the province of Álava, North of SpainSci Total Environ2011412-413101822030246
  92. 92Ashbolt RH, Coleman DJ, Misrachi A, Conti JM, Kirk MD. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with an animal nursery at a regional fair. Commun Dis Intell. 2003; 27:244-9.
    AshboltRHColemanDJMisrachiAContiJMKirkMDAn outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with an animal nursery at a regional fairCommun Dis Intell2003272449
  93. 93Waldron LS, Ferrari BC, Cheung-Kwok-Sang C, Beggs PJ, Stephens N, Power ML. Molecular epidemiology and spatial distribution of a waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Australia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011; 77:7766-71.2190862310.1128/AEM.00616-11
    WaldronLSFerrariBCCheung-Kwok-SangCBeggsPJStephensNPowerMLMolecular epidemiology and spatial distribution of a waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreak in AustraliaAppl Environ Microbiol201177776671320915121908623
  94. 94Lal A, Cornish LM, Fearnley E, Glass K, Kirk M. Cryptosporidiosis, a disease of tropical and remote areas in Australia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9: e0004078.2639350810.1371/journal.pntd.0004078
    LalACornishLMFearnleyEGlassKKirkMCryptosporidiosis, a disease of tropical and remote areas in AustraliaPLoS Negl Trop Dis20159e0004078457911926393508
  95. 95Santin M. Clinical and subclinical infections with Cryptosporidium in animals. NZ Vet J. 2013; 61:1-10.10.1080/00480169.2012.731681
    SantinMClinical and subclinical infections with Cryptosporidium in animalsNZ Vet J20136111023134088
  96. 96Sweeny JPA, Ryan UM, Robertson ID, Jacobson C. Cryptosporidium and Giardia associated with reduced lamb carcase productivity. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 182:127-39.2171919910.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.050
    SweenyJPARyanUMRobertsonIDJacobsonCCryptosporidium and Giardia associated with reduced lamb carcase productivityVet Parasitol20111821273921719199
  97. 97Amer S, Zidan S, Feng Y, Adamu H, Li N, Xiao L. Identity and public health potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in water buffalo calves in Egypt. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 191:123-7.2296371210.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.015
    AmerSZidanSFengYAdamuHLiNXiaoLIdentity and public health potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in water buffalo calves in EgyptVet Parasitol2013191123722963712
  98. 98Parsons MB, Travis D, Lonsdorf EV, Lipende I, Roellig DMA, Kamenya S, et al. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans, wild primates, and domesticated animals in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem, Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 9:1-13.
    ParsonsMBTravisDLonsdorfEVLipendeIRoelligDMAKamenyaSet alEpidemiology and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sppin humans, wild primates, and domesticated animals in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem, TanzaniaPLoS Negl Trop Dis2015910.1371/journal.pntd.0003529433629225700265
  99. 99Samra NA, Jori F, Xiao L, Rikhotso O, Thompson PN. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species at the wildlife/livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 36:295-302.2297572510.1016/j.cimid.2012.07.004
    SamraNAJoriFXiaoLRikhotsoOThompsonPNMolecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species at the wildlife/livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South AfricaComp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis20133629530222975725
  100. 100Julius OO, Ileigo IH, Ezemuel YS, Olayinka O, Edet AE, Tayo K, et al. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species from extensively managed cattle slaughtered in Abattoirs in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Adv Appl Sci Res. 2016; 7:17-22.
    JuliusOO Ileigo IHEzemuelYSOlayinkaOEdetAETayoKet alMolecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species from extensively managed cattle slaughtered in Abattoirs in Kaduna State, NigeriaAdv Appl Sci Res201671722
  101. 101Akinkuotu O, Fagbemi O, Egbetade O, Jacobs E, Adeyanju J. Prevalence of cryptosporidium coproantigens in goats in Ogun, Southwest Nigeria. J Vet Adv. 2015; 5:1.
    AkinkuotuOFagbemiOEgbetadeOJacobsEAdeyanjuJPrevalence of cryptosporidium coproantigens in goats in Ogun, Southwest NigeriaJ Vet Adv201551
  102. 102Khezri M, Khezri O. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in lambs and goat kids in Kurdistan, Iran. Vet World. 2013; 6:974-7.10.14202/vetworld.2013.974-977
    KhezriMKhezriOThe prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in lambs and goat kids in Kurdistan, IranVet World201369747
  103. 103Bahrami F, Sadraei J, Frozandeh M. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rats of Tehran, Iran using 18s rRNA gene and PCR_RFLP method. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2012; 5:486-90.10.5812/jjm.3580
    BahramiFSadraeiJFrozandehMMolecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rats of Tehran, Iran using 18s rRNA gene and PCR_RFLP methodJundishapur J Microbiol2012548690
  104. 104Gharekhani J, Heidari H, Youssefi M. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in sheep in Iran. Türkiye Parazitolojii Derg. 2014; 38:22-5.10.5152/tpd.2014.3224
    GharekhaniJHeidariHYoussefiMPrevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in sheep in IranTürkiye Parazitolojii Derg20143822524659697
  105. 105Norhamizah AH, Julaida S, Slamah B, Saudah S, Rasidah AL. Cryptosporidiosis in a commercial dairy cattle farm in Malaysia. Malaysian J Vet Res. 2011; 2: 33-9.
    NorhamizahAHJulaidaSSlamahBSaudahSRasidahALCryptosporidiosis in a commercial dairy cattle farm in MalaysiaMalaysian J Vet Res20112339
  106. 106do Couto MCM, Lima M de F, do Bomfim TCB. New Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes of IIa subfamily in dairy calves from Brazil. Acta Trop. 2014; 130: 117-22.10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.11.00224239750
    do CoutoMCMLimaMdeFdoBomfim TCBNew Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes of IIa subfamily in dairy calves from BrazilActa Trop20141301172224239750
  107. 107Del Coco VF, Córdoba MA, Basualdo JA. Cryptosporidium infection in calves from a rural area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 158: 31-5.10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.018
    Del CocoVFCórdobaMABasualdoJACryptosporidium infection in calves from a rural area of Buenos Aires, ArgentinaVet Parasitol200815831518848398
  108. 108Yap NJ, Koehler A V, Ebner J, Tan TK, Lim YAL, Gasser RB. Molecular analysis of Cryptosporidium from cattle from five states of Peninsular Malaysia. Mol Cell Probes. 2016; 30:39-43.10.1016/j.mcp.2016.01.00226775614
    YapNJKoehlerA VEbnerJTanTKLimYALGasserRBMolecular analysis of Cryptosporidium from cattle from five states of Peninsular MalaysiaMol Cell Probes201630394326775614
  109. 109Liu A, Zhang J, Zhao J, Zhao W, Wang R, Zhang L. The first report of Cryptosporidium andersoni in horses with diarrhea and multilocus subtype analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8:483. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1102-0.2639484810.1186/s13071-015-1102-0
    LiuAZhangJZhaoJZhaoWWangRZhangLThe first report of Cryptosporidium andersoni in horses with diarrhea and multilocus subtype analysisParasit Vectors20158483doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1102-0458035726394848
  110. 110Wang R, Jian F, Sun Y, Hu Q, Zhu J, Wang F, et al. Large-scale survey of Cryptosporidium spp. in chickens and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Henan, China: prevalence and molecular characterization. Avian Path. 2010; 39:447-51.10.1080/03079457.2010.518314
    WangRJianFSunYHuQZhuJWangFet alLarge-scale survey of Cryptosporidium spp. in chickens and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Henan, China: prevalence and molecular characterizationAvian Path2010394475121154053
  111. 111Xiao L, Ryan UM. Molecular epidemiology. In Fayer R, Xiao L, editors. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. 2nd ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2007, p. 119-71.
    XiaoLRyanUMMolecular epidemiologyInFayerRXiaoLCryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis2ndBoca RatonCRC Press20071197110.1201/9781420052275
  112. 112Yin J, Yuan Z, Shen Y, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Cao J. Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. from animal sources in China. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013; 7:1020-2.
    YinJYuanZShenYZhangJJiangYCaoJMolecular identification of Cryptosporidium sppfrom animal sources in ChinaJ Infect Dev Ctries2013710.3855/jidc.354024334954
  113. 113Qi M, Cai J, Wang R, Li J, Jian F, Huang J, et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis from yaks in the central western region of China. BMC Microbiol. 2015; 15: 1-7.
    QiMCaiJWangRLiJJianFHuangJet alMolecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis from yaks in the central western region of ChinaBMC Microbiol2015151710.1186/s12866-015-0446-0443858925994330
  114. 114Mi R, Wang X, Huang Y, Zhou P, Liu Y, Chen Y, et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in goats across four provincial level areas in China. PLoS One. 2014; 9:1-7.
    MiRWangXHuangYZhouPLiuYChenYet alPrevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in goats across four provincial level areas in ChinaPLoS One201491710.1371/journal.pone.0111164420881625343501
  115. 115Bawm S, Kyi S, Lay KK, Htun LL, Myaing TT. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in cattle within Mandalay Region, Myanmar. J Adv Parasitol. 2014; 1: 49-53.10.14737/journal.jap/2014/1.4.49.53
    BawmSKyiSLayKKHtunLLMyaingTTPrevalence and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in cattle within Mandalay Region, MyanmarJ Adv Parasitol201414953
  116. 116Lim YAL, Ahmad RA, Smith H V. Current status and future trends in Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology in Malaysia. J Water Health. 2008; 6: 239-54.10.2166/wh.2008.02318209286
    LimYALAhmadRASmithH VCurrent status and future trends in Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology in MalaysiaJ Water Health200862395418209286
  117. 117Paul S, Sharma DK, Boral R, Mishra AK, Nayakwadi S. Cryptosporidiosis in goats: a review. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2014; 2:49-54.10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.3s.49.54
    PaulSSharmaDKBoralRMishraAKNayakwadiSCryptosporidiosis in goats: a reviewAdv Anim Vet Sci201424954
  118. 118Reddy YVP, Sivajothi S, Reddy BS. Case report Cryptosporiodiosis in a nellore doe associated with hydrocephalus foetus. J Adv Parasitol. 2014; 1:39-40.10.14737/journal.jap/2014/1.3.39.40
    ReddyYVPSivajothiSReddyBSCase report Cryptosporiodiosis in a nellore doe associated with hydrocephalus foetusJ Adv Parasitol201413940
  119. 119Matos O, Alves M, Xiao L, Cama V, Antunes F. Cryptosporidium felis and C. meleagridis in persons with HIV, Portugal. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10:2256-7.10.3201/eid1012.03106815672531
    MatosOAlvesMXiaoLCamaVAntunesFCryptosporidium felis and C. meleagridis in persons with HIV, PortugalEmerg Infect Dis20041022567332340315672531
  120. 120Faubert GM, Litvinsky Y. Natural transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum between dams and calves on a dairy farm. J Parasitol. 2000; 86:495-500.10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0495:NTOCPB]2.0.CO;210864245
    FaubertGMLitvinskyYNatural transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum between dams and calves on a dairy farmJ Parasitol200086495500
  121. 121Kanyari PWN, Oyejide AO, Alak JIB, Anderson DL, Wilson ST, Srivastava K. Cryptosporidium parvum: experimental transplacental transmission in murine hosts. Isr J Vet Med. 2002; 57:70-5.
    KanyariPWNOyejideAOAlakJIBAndersonDLWilsonST ivastava KSrCryptosporidium parvum: experimental transplacental transmission in murine hostsIsr J Vet Med200257705
  122. 122Maurya PS, Rakesh RL, Pradeep B, Kumar S, Kundu K, Garg R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young domestic livestock in India. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2013; 45: 941-6.2313213510.1007/s11250-012-0311-1
    MauryaPSRakeshRLPradeepBKumarSKunduKGargRet alPrevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young domestic livestock in IndiaTrop Anim Health Prod2013459416
  123. 123Masood S, Maqbool A, Anjum AA, Rashid MI, Choudhary ZI. Prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts in bovine at different livestock farms by conventional microscopic and molecular techniques. J Anim Plant Sci. 2013; 23:1588-94.
    MasoodSMaqboolAAnjumAARashidMIChoudharyZIPrevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts in bovine at different livestock farms by conventional microscopic and molecular techniquesJ Anim Plant Sci201323158894
  124. 124Nasir A, Avais M, Khan MS, Khan JA, Hameed S, Reichel MP. Treating Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves. J Parasitol. 2013; 99:715-7.10.1645/12-42.123347204
    NasirAAvaisMKhanMSKhanJAHameedSReichelMPTreating Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calvesJ Parasitol2013997157
  125. 125Nasir A, Avais M, Khan M, Ahmad N. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Lahore (Pakistan) and its association with diarrhea in dairy calves. Int J Agric Biol. 2009; 11:221-4.
    NasirAAvaisMKhanMAhmadNPrevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Lahore (Pakistan) and its association with diarrhea in dairy calvesInt J Agric Biol2009112214
  126. 126Shafiq MAB, Maqbool A, Khan UJ, Lateef M, Ijaz M. Prevalence, water borne transmission and chemotherapy of cryptosporidiosis in small ruminants. Pak J Zool. 2015; 47:1715-21.
    ShafiqMABMaqboolAKhanUJLateefMIjazMPrevalence, water borne transmission and chemotherapy of cryptosporidiosis in small ruminantsPak J Zool201547171521
  127. 127Abe N, Matsubara K. Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium isolates from exotic pet animals in Japan. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 209:254-7.10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.03525801359
    AbeNMatsubaraKMolecular identification of Cryptosporidium isolates from exotic pet animals in JapanVet Parasitol20152092547
  128. 128Murakoshi F, Ichikawa-Seki M, Aita J, Yaita S, Kinami A, Fujimoto K, et al. Molecular epidemiological analyses of Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (CSpV1), a symbiotic virus of Cryptosporidium parvum, in Japan. Virus Res. 2016; 211:69-72.10.1016/j.virusres.2015.09.02126439535
    MurakoshiFIchikawa-SekiMAitaJYaitaSKinamiAFujimotoKet alMolecular epidemiological analyses of Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (CSpV1), a symbiotic virus of Cryptosporidium parvum, in JapanVirus Res20162116972
  129. 129Jittapalapong S, Pinyopanuwat N, Chimnoi W, Siripanth C, Stich RW. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium among dairy cows in Thailand. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006; 1081:328-35.10.1196/annals.1373.045
    JittapalapongSPinyopanuwatNChimnoiWSiripanthCStichRWPrevalence of Cryptosporidium among dairy cows in ThailandAnn NY Acad Sci2006108132835
  130. 130Inpankaew T, Jiyipong T, Wongpanit K, Pinyopanuwat N, Chimnoi W, Kengradomkij C, et al. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes from northeast Thailand. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014; 46:487-90.10.1007/s11250-013-0499-824233462
    InpankaewTJiyipongTWongpanitKPinyopanuwatNChimnoiWKengradomkijCet alMolecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes from northeast ThailandTrop Anim Health Prod20144648790
  131. 131Koompapong K, Mori H, Thammasonthijarern N, Prasertbun R, Pintong A, Popruk S, et al. Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in seagulls, pigeons, dogs, and cats in Thailand. Parasite. 2014; 21:52.10.1051/parasite/201405325297887
    KoompapongKMoriHThammasonthijarernNPrasertbunRPintongAPoprukSet alMolecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in seagulls, pigeons, dogs, and cats in ThailandParasite20142152
  132. 132Sricharern W, Inpankaew T, Keawmongkol S, Supanam J, Stich RW, Jittapalapong S. Molecular detection and prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand. Infect Genet Evol. 2016; S1567-1348:30035-1.
    SricharernWInpankaewTKeawmongkolSSupanamJStichRWJittapalapongSMolecular detection and prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in ThailandInfect Genet Evol2016S1567-134830035110.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.004
  133. 133Guven E, Avcioglu H, Balkaya I, Hayirli A, Kar S, Karaer Z. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves in Erzurum [Erzurum yöresinde buzagilarda cryptosporidiosisin prevalansi ve Cryptosporidium türlerinin moleküler karekterizasyonu]. Kafkas Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg. 2013; 19:969-74. [in English, Turkish abstract]
    GuvenEAvciogluHBalkayaIHayirliAKarSKaraerZPrevalence of cryptosporidiosis and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves in Erzurum [Erzurum yöresinde buzagilarda cryptosporidiosisin prevalansi ve Cryptosporidium türlerinin moleküler karekterizasyonu]Kafkas Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg20131996974
  134. 134Içen H, Arserim NB, Iºik N, Özkan C, Kaya A. Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in East and Southeast of Turkey. Pak Vet J. 2013; 33:496-9.
    IçenHArserimNBIºikNÖzkanCKayaAPrevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in East and Southeast of TurkeyPak Vet J2013334969
  135. 135Arslan MÖ, Ekinci A. Determination of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in cattle in Kars province of Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg. 2012; 18:A221-6.
    ArslanEkinciADetermination of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in cattle in Kars province of TurkeyKafkas Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg201218A2216
  136. 136Aslan G, Bayram G, Otað F, Direkel S, Taylan ÖA, Ceber K, et al. Investigation of the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in different water sources in Mersin province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2012; 46: 93-100.22399176
    AslanGBayramGOtaðFDirekelSTaylanÖACeberKet alInvestigation of the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in different water sources in Mersin province, TurkeyMikrobiyol Bul20124693100
  137. 137Hussin A G, Khalaf JM, Ali HM. Detection of intestinal protozoa in camels and their breeders in Najef, Iraq. Res J Vet Pract. 2015; 3:53-7.10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.3.53.57
    HussinA GKhalafJMAliHMDetection of intestinal protozoa in camels and their breeders in Najef, IraqRes J Vet Pract20153537
  138. 138Bamaiyi PH, Kalu AU, Ali M. Haemoparasites of the trade camel (Camelus dromedarius) arriving for slaughter at Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Cont J Vet Sci. 2011; 5:18-21.
    BamaiyiPHKaluAUAliMHaemoparasites of the trade camel (Camelus dromedarius) arriving for slaughter at Maiduguri, Borno State, NigeriaCont J Vet Sci201151821
  139. 139Bamaiyi PH, Kalu AU. Gastrointestinal parasites infection in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Nigeria. VRF. 2011; 2:278-81.
    BamaiyiPHKaluAUGastrointestinal parasites infection in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of NigeriaVRF2011227881
  140. 140Hale CR, Scallan E, Cronquist AB, Dunn J, Smith K, Robinson T, et al. Estimates of enteric illness attributable to contact with animals and their environments in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 54(Suppl 5): S472-9.10.1093/cid/cis05122572672
    HaleCRScallanECronquistABDunnJSmithKRobinsonTet alEstimates of enteric illness attributable to contact with animals and their environments in the United StatesClin Infect Dis201254Suppl 5S472922572672
  141. 141Cope JR, Prosser A, Nowicki S, Roberts MW, Roberts JM, Scheer D, et al. Preventing community-wide transmission of Cryptosporidium: a proactive public health response to a swimming pool-associated outbreak–Auglaize County, Ohio, USA. Epidemiol Infect. 2015; 143:3459-67.10.1017/S095026881500081325907106
    CopeJRProsserANowickiSRobertsMWRobertsJMScheerDet alPreventing community-wide transmission of Cryptosporidium: a proactive public health response to a swimming pool-associated outbreak–Auglaize County, Ohio, USAEpidemiol Infect2015143345967462768925907106
  142. 142Kváè M, Hoøická A, Sak B, Prediger J, Salát J, Širmarová J, et al. Novel Cryptosporidium bat genotypes III and IV in bats from the USA and Czech Republic. Parasitol Res. 2015; 114:3917-21.10.1007/s00436-015-4654-126255170
    KváèMHoøickáASakBPredigerJSalátJŠirmarováJet alNovel Cryptosporidium bat genotypes III and IV in bats from the USA and Czech RepublicParasitol Res201511439172126255170
  143. 143Dreelin EA, Ives RL, Molloy S, Rose JB. Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water: a case study from Michigan, USA to inform management of rural water systems. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11:10480-503.10.3390/ijerph111010480
    DreelinEAIvesRLMolloySRoseJBCryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water: a case study from Michigan, USA to inform management of rural water systemsInt J Environ Res Public Health20141110480503421099125317981
  144. 144Stenger BLS, Clark ME, Kváè M, Khan E, Giddings CW, Prediger J, et al. North American tree squirrels and ground squirrels with overlapping ranges host different Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 36:287-93.10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.00226437239
    StengerBLSClarkMEKváèMKhanEGiddingsCWPredigerJet alNorth American tree squirrels and ground squirrels with overlapping ranges host different Cryptosporidium species and genotypesInfect Genet Evol2015362879326437239
  145. 145Daly RF, Hill NT. Characterizing the role of animal exposures in cryptosporidiosis and shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli infections: South Dakota: 2012. Zoonoses Public Health. 2016.26729474
    DalyRFHillNTCharacterizing the role of animal exposures in cryptosporidiosis and shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli infections: South Dakota: 2012Zoonoses Public Health201610.1111/zph.1225126729474
  146. 146Muñoz AP, Mercado PR, Morales TG, Bravo OV, Raffo CE. Cryptosporidium spp., comparative diagnosis and geospatial distribution in diarrheic calves from dairy farms, Valdivia, Chile. Rev MVZ Córdoba. 2014; 19:3954-1.10.21897/rmvz.115
    MuñozAPMercadoPRMoralesTGBravoOVRaffoCECryptosporidium spp., comparative diagnosis and geospatial distribution in diarrheic calves from dairy farms, Valdivia, ChileRev MVZ Córdoba20141939541
  147. 147Santín M, Trout JM, Vecino JAC, Dubey JP, Fayer R. Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 141:334-9.1686048010.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.004
    SantínMTroutJMVecinoJACDubeyJPFayerRCryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolatesVet Parasitol2006141334916860480
  148. 148Stensvold CR, Elwin K, Winiecka-Krusnell J, Chalmers RM, Xiao L, Lebbad M. Development and application of a gp60-based typing assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum. J Clin Microbiol. 2015; 53:1891-7.10.1128/JCM.00313-1525832304
    StensvoldCRElwinKWiniecka-KrusnellJChalmersRMXiaoLLebbadMDevelopment and application of a gp60-based typing assay for Cryptosporidium viatorumJ Clin Microbiol20155318917443204825832304
  149. 149Hooton T, Wener MH, Weiss NS, Gilman R. Etiologies and manifestations of persistent diarrhea in adults with HIV-1 infection: a case-control study in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis. 2015; 191:11-9.
    HootonTWenerMHWeissNSGilmanREtiologies and manifestations of persistent diarrhea in adults with HIV-1 infection: a case-control study in Lima, PeruJ Infect Dis201519111910.1086/42650815592997
  150. 150Araújo A, Reinhard KJ, Leles D, Sianto L, Iñiguez A, Fugassa M, et al. Paleoepidemiology of intestinal parasites and lice in pre-Columbian South America. Chungara, Revista de Antropologfa Chilena 2011; 43: 303-313.
    AraújoAReinhardKJLelesDSiantoLIñiguezAFugassaMet alPaleoepidemiology of intestinal parasites and lice in pre-Columbian South AmericaChungara, Revista de Antropologfa Chilena20114330331310.4067/S0717-73562011000200011
  151. 151Peralta RHS, Velásquez JN, Cunha F de S, Pantano ML, Sodré FC, Silva S da, et al. Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium identified in clinical samples from cities in Brazil and Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016; 111:30-6.2681464110.1590/0074-02760150303
    PeraltaRHSVelásquezJNCunhaFdeSPantanoMLSodréFCSilvaS daet alGenetic diversity of Cryptosporidium identified in clinical samples from cities in Brazil and ArgentinaMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2016111306472743326814641
  152. 152Kostopoulou D, Casaert S, Tzanidakis N, van Doorn D, Demeler J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, et al. The occurrence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in foals in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany and Greece. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 211:170-4.2601285510.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.018
    KostopoulouDCasaertSTzanidakisNvanDoorn DDemelerJvonSamson-Himmelstjerna Get alThe occurrence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in foals in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany and GreeceVet Parasitol2015211170426012855
  153. 153García-Presedo I, Pedraza-Díaz S, González-Warleta M, Mezo M, Gómez-Bautista M, Ortega-Mora LM, et al. The first report of Cryptosporidium bovis, C. ryanae and Giardia duodenalis sub-assemblage A-II in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Spain. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 197:658-64.23890824
    García-PresedoIPedraza-DíazSGonzález-WarletaMMezoMGómez-BautistaMOrtega-MoraLMet alThe first report of Cryptosporidium bovis, C. ryanae and Giardia duodenalis sub-assemblage A-II in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in SpainVet Parasitol20131976586410.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.00223890824
  154. 154Cacciò SM, de Waele V, Widmer G. Geographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotypes in Europe. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 31: 245-9.2568791310.1016/j.meegid.2015.02.008
    CacciòSMde WaeleVWidmerGGeographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotypes in EuropeInfect Genet Evol201531245925687913
  155. 155Manser M, Granlund M, Edwards H, Saez A, Petersen E, Evengard B, et al. Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in clinical laboratories in Europe—a comparative study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20:065-71.10.1111/1469-0691.12297
    ManserMGranlundMEdwardsHSaezAPetersenEEvengardBet alDetection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in clinical laboratories in Europe—a comparative studyClin Microbiol Infect2014200657124033667
  156. 156Nolan MJ, Jex AR, Koehler A V., Haydon SR, Stevens MA, Gasser RB. Molecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern Australia. Water Res. 2013; 47:1726-40.2335779210.1016/j.watres.2012.12.027
    NolanMJJexARKoehlerA VHaydonSRStevensMAGasserRBMolecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern AustraliaWater Res20134717264023357792
  157. 157Ng JSY, Eastwood K, Walker B, Durrheim DN, Massey PD, Porigneaux P, et al. Evidence of Cryptosporidium transmission between cattle and humans in northern New South Wales. Exp Parasitol. 2012; 130:437-41.2233303610.1016/j.exppara.2012.01.014
    NgJSYEastwoodKWalkerBDurrheimDNMasseyPDPorigneauxPet alEvidence of Cryptosporidium transmission between cattle and humans in northern New South WalesExp Parasitol20121304374122333036
  158. 158Zahedi A, Phasey J, Boland T, Ryan U. First report of Cryptosporidium species in farmed and wild buffalo from the Northern Territory, Australia. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1349-53.2675844910.1007/s00436-016-4901-0
    ZahediAPhaseyJBolandTRyanUFirst report of Cryptosporidium species in farmed and wild buffalo from the Northern Territory, AustraliaParasitol Res201611513495326758449
  159. 159Nolan MJ, Jex AR, Koehler A V., Haydon SR, Stevens MA, Gasser RB. Molecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern Australia. Water Res. 2013; 47:1726-40.2335779210.1016/j.watres.2012.12.027
    NolanMJJexARKoehlerA VHaydonSRStevensMAGasserRBMolecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern AustraliaWater Res201347172640
  160. 160Yang R, Gardner GE, Ryan U, Jacobson C. Prevalence and pathogen load of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in sheep faeces collected from saleyards and in abattoir effluent in Western Australia. Small Rumin Res. 2015; 130:216-20.10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.07.026
    YangRGardnerGERyanUJacobsonCPrevalence and pathogen load of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in sheep faeces collected from saleyards and in abattoir effluent in Western AustraliaSmall Rumin Res201513021620
  161. 161Chako CZ, Tyler JW, Schultz LG, Chiguma L, Beerntsen BT. Cryptosporidiosis in people: it’s not just about the cows. J Vet Intern Med. 2010; 24:37-43.10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0431.x20041989
    ChakoCZTylerJWSchultzLGChigumaLBeerntsenBTCryptosporidiosis in people: it’s not just about the cowsJ Vet Intern Med2010243743
  162. 162Semenza JC, Nichols G. Cryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in Europe. Eur Commun Dis Bull. 2007; 12:120-3.
    SemenzaJCNicholsGCryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in EuropeEur Commun Dis Bull200712120310.2807/esm.12.05.00711-en
  163. 163World Health Organization. Chlorine in drinking-water background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 2. 2003. Geneva: WHO.
    World Health Organization. Chlorine in drinking-water background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality22003GenevaWHO
  164. 164Allgood G, Quick R. Correspondence water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world. Environ Sci Technol. 2009; 43:2008-9.
    AllgoodGQuickRCorrespondence water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing worldEnviron Sci Technol20094320089
  165. 165Barbee SL, Weber DJ, Sobsey MD, Rutala WA. Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst infectivity by disinfection and sterilization processes. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999; 49:605-11.10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70389-510228259
    BarbeeSLWeberDJSobseyMDRutalaWAInactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst infectivity by disinfection and sterilization processesGastrointest Endosc19994960511
  166. 166Wilson JA, Margolin AB. The efficacy of three common hospital liquid germicides to inactivate Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J Hosp Infect. 1999; 42:231-7.10.1053/jhin.1999.055310439996
    WilsonJAMargolinABThe efficacy of three common hospital liquid germicides to inactivate Cryptosporidium parvum oocystsJ Hosp Infect199942231710439996
  167. 167Guerrant RL. Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging: highly infectious threat. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997; 3:51-7.912644410.3201/eid0301.970106
    GuerrantRLCryptosporidiosis: an emerging: highly infectious threatEmerg Infect Dis1997351726275899126444
  168. 168King B, Fanok S, Phillips R, Swaffer B, Monis P. Integrated Cryptosporidium assay to determine oocyst density, infectivity, and genotype for risk assessment of source and reuse water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015; 81:3471-81.2576983310.1128/AEM.00163-15
    KingBFanokSPhillipsRSwafferBMonisPIntegrated Cryptosporidium assay to determine oocyst density, infectivity, and genotype for risk assessment of source and reuse waterAppl Environ Microbiol201581347181440723825769833
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.1004.493 | Journal eISSN: 1875-855X | Journal ISSN: 1905-7415
Language: English
Page range: 309 - 325
Published on: Jan 31, 2017
Published by: Chulalongkorn University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year

© 2017 Pwaveno Huladeino Bamaiyi, Nur Eliyana Mohd Redhuan, published by Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.