Characteristics of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) recruited in this study
| Characteristics | All HIV+ n(%) | HBsAg-/ anti-HCV- n(%) | HBsAg+/ anti-HCV- n(%) | HBsAgV-/ anti-HCV+ n(%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (%) | 211(100) | 171(81.0) | 24(11.4) | 16(7.6) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <30 | 34(16.1) | 31(18.1) | 3 (12.5) | 0(0.0) | ||
| 31–40 | 82(38.9) | 62(36.3) | 12(50.0) | 8(50.0) | ||
| 41-50 | 53(25.1) | 45(26.3) | 4(16.7) | 4(25.0) | ||
| >50 | 42(19.9) | 33(19.3) | 5 (20.8) | 4(25.0) | 0.41 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 92(43.6) | 67(39.2) | 13 (54.2) | 12(75.0) | ||
| Female | 119(56.4) | 104(60.8) | 11(45.8) | 4(25.0) | 0.013 P < 0.05. ARV = antiretroviral, BMI = body mass index, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase. ULN = upper limit of normal, HBsAg = hepatitis B vims (HBV) surface antigen, HBeAg = extracellular form of HBV core antigen; HCV = hepatitis C virus | |
| BMI(kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal | 143 (67.8) | 119(69.6) | 12(50.0) | 12(75.0) | ||
| Underweight | 34(16.1) | 24(14.0) | 7(29.2) | 3 (18.8) | ||
| Overweight/obese | 34(16.1) | 28(16.4) | 5 (20.8) | 1(6.3) | 0.21 | |
| Transmission routes | ||||||
| Sex with a spouse | 133 (63.0) | 111(64.9) | 15(62.5) | 7(43.8) | ||
| Sex with others | 59(28.0) | 45 (26.3) | 6(25.0) | 8(50.0) | ||
| Men who have sex with men | 9(4.3) | 7(4.1) | 2(8.3) | 0(0.0) | ||
| Others | 10(4.8) | 8(4.7) | 1(4.2) | 1(6.3) | 0.36 | |
| ARV drugs | ||||||
| Naive to ARV treatment | 12(5.7) | 11(6.4) | 1(4.2) | 0(0.0) | ||
| Lamivudine/stavudine/nevirapine | 23 (10.9) | 19(11.1) | 2(8.3) | 2(12.5) | ||
| Lamivudine/zidovudine/nevirapine | 103 (48.8) | 86(50.3) | 10(41.7) | 7(43.8) | ||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir | 24(11.4) | 17(9.9) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (25.0) | ||
| Others | 49(23.2) | 38(22.2) | 8(33.3) | 3 (18.8) | 0.71 | |
| Duration of ARV treatment | ||||||
| <3 months | 27(12.8) | 26(15.2) | 1(4.2) | 0(0) | ||
| 3-6 months | 7(3.3) | 7(4.1) | 0(0) | 0(0) | ||
| >6 months | 177(83.9) | 138(80.7) | 23 (95.8) | 16(100) | 0.22 | |
| CD4+(cells/μL) | ||||||
| <200 | 53 (25.2) | 41 (24.0) | 9(37.5) | 3 (18.8) | ||
| 200–349.9 | 52(24.6) | 38(22.2) | 7(29.2) | 7(43.8) | ||
| >350 | 106(50.2) | 92(53.8) | 8(33.3) | 6(37.5) | 0.13 | |
| Transaminitis | ||||||
| AST and/or ALT≤ULN (40 U/L) | 155 (73.5) | 136(79.5) | 16(66.7) | 3 (18.8) | ||
| AST and/or ALT>ULN (40 U/L) | 56(26.5) | 35 (20.5) | 8(33.3) | 13(81.3) | 0.001 P < 0.05. ARV = antiretroviral, BMI = body mass index, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase. ULN = upper limit of normal, HBsAg = hepatitis B vims (HBV) surface antigen, HBeAg = extracellular form of HBV core antigen; HCV = hepatitis C virus |
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risks for the transaminitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) (n = 211 )
| Characteristics | Enrolled patients | Patients with transaminitis n(%) | Crude OR (95%CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||||
| <30 | 34 | 3(5) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 31–40 | 82 | 30(54) | 5.9(1.7-21.2) | 0.006 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | 4.6(1.2-17.5) | 0.023 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | |
| 41-50 | 53 | 12(21) | 3.0(0.8-11.6) | 0.11 | 2.2(0.5-8.9) | 0.28 | |
| >50 | 42 | 11(20) | 3.7(0.9-14.4) | 0.06 | 2.6(0.6–10.9) | 0.20 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 92 | 36(64) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 119 | 20(36) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | <0.001 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | 0.4(0.2-0.8) | 0.014 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | |
| CD4+(cells/μL) | |||||||
| <200 | 53 | 20(36) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 200–349.9 | 52 | 18(32) | 0.9(0.4–1.9) | 0.74 | 0.9(0.4–2.4) | 0.91 | |
| >350 | 106 | 18(32) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.005 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | 0.4(0.2-0.9) | 0.04 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | |
| ARV treatment | 3(5) | 1 | 0.29 | ||||
| Naive to ARV treatment | 12 | 10(18) | 2.3 (0.5-10.8) | 0.65 | |||
| Lamivudine/stavudine/nevirapine | 23 | 20(36) | 0.7(0.2-2.9) | 1.000 | |||
| Lamivudine/zidovudine/nevirapine | 103 | 6(11) | 1.0(0.2–4.9) | 0.52 | |||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir | 24 | 17(30) | 1.6(0.4–6.7) | ||||
| Others | 49 | ||||||
| HBV and HCV serological status | |||||||
| HBsAg– anti-HCV- | 171 | 35(63) | 1 | 1 | |||
| HBsAg+anti-HCV- | 24 | 8(14) | 1.9(0.8–4.9) | 0.17 | 1.3(0.5-3.5) | 0.64 | |
| HBsAg-anti-HCV+ | 16 | 13 (23) | 16.8(4.5–62.4) | <0.001 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus | 12.3(3.0–50.1) | <0.001 P < 0.05, OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, HBsAg = HBV surface antigen, HCV = hepatitis C virus |
Medians of liver enzyme levels, AST and ALT, and CD4+ cell count in HIV monoinfected, and patients coinfected with HIV and HBV or HCV currently on combination ART (n= 199)
| HBsAg-/anti-HCV- (n = 160) | HBsAg/anti-HCV- (n = 23) | HBsAg-/anti-HCV+ (n = 16) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | ||||||||
| Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | |||
| AST(U/L) | 23.0 | (9-1338) | 33.0 P < 0.05 | (16-124) | 0.001* | 44.5 P < 0.001 | (21-208) | <0.001* |
| ALT(U/L) | 22.5 | (6-765) | 22.0 | 12-99) | 0.280 | 51.5b | (13-149) | <0.001* |
| CD4+cells (cells/μL) | 388.5 | (4-1601) | 279.0 | (1-810) | 0.091 | 311.0 | (1291238) | 0.46 |