References
- 1. Frantz CH, O’Rahilly R. Ulnar hemimelia. Artificial Limbs. 1971; 15:25-35.
- 2. McGuirk CK, Westgate MN, Holmes LB. Limb deficiencies in newborn infants. Pediatrics. 2001; 108: E64.
- 3. Malik S, Jabeen N. Zygodactyly with thumb aplasia: an unusual variant in a male subject. J Col Phy Surg Pak. 2011; 21:710-2.
- 4. Riaz HF, Malik S. Case report of a neonate with congenital transverse deficiency of hand. Pak J Med Sci. 2011; 27:1177-80.
- 5. Malik S, Afzal M. Ulnar aplasia, dysplastic radius and preaxial oligodactyly: rare longitudinal limb defect in a sporadic male child. J Res Med Sci. 2013; 18:818-21.
- 6. Riaz HF, Lal K, Ahmad B, Shuaib M, Naqvi SF, Malik S. Study of non-syndromic thumb aplasia in six independent cases. Pak J Med Sci. 2014; 30:677-81.
- 7. OMIM. Online mendelian inheritance in man. [online]. 2014. [cited 2014 Jun 15]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim
- 8. Swanson AB, Tada K, Yonenobu K. Ulnar ray deficiency: its various manifestations. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1984; 9:658-64.10.1016/S0363-5023(84)80007-6
- 9. Ogino T, Kato H. Clinical and experimental studies on ulnar ray deficiency. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 1988; 20:330-7.
- 10. Al-Qattan MM, Al-Sahabi A, Al-Arfaj N. Ulnar ray deficiency: a review of the classification systems, the clinical features in 72 cases, and related developmental biology. J Hand Surg [E]. 2010; 35: 699-707.
- 11. Grzeschik K-H. Human limb malformations; an approach to the molecular basis of development. Int J Dev Biol. 2002; 46:983-91.
- 12. Towers M, Tickle C. Growing models of vertebrate limb development. Development. 2009; 136:179-90.
- 13. Chiang C, Litingtung Y, Lee E, Young KE, Corden JL, Westphal H, Beachy PA. Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic hedgehog gene function. Nature. 1996; 383:407-13.
- 14. Ros MA, Dahn RD, Fernandez-Teran M, Rashka K, Caruccio NC, Hasso SM, et al. The chick oligozeugodactyly (ozd) mutant lacks sonic hedgehog function in the limb. Development. 2003; 130:527-37.
- 15. Scherz PJ, McGlinn E, Nissim S. Tabin CJ. Extended exposure to Sonic hedgehog is required for patterning the posterior digits of the vertebrate limb. Dev Biol. 2007; 308:343-54.