References
- 1. Packer M. The neurohormonal hypothesis: a theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992; 20:248-54.10.1016/0735-1097(92)90167-L
- 2. Gardner RS, Ozalp F, Murday AJ, Robb SD, McDonagh TA. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. A new gold standard in predicting mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24:1735-43.10.1016/j.ehj.2003.07.005
- 3. Rothenburger M, Wichter T, Schmid C, Stypmann J, Tjan TD, Berendes E. et al. Aminoterminal pro type B natriuretic peptide as a predictive and prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004; 23:1189-97.10.1016/j.healun.2004.07.006
- 4. Rauchhaus M, Doehner W, Francis DP, Davos C, Kemp M, Liebenthal C, et al. Plasma cytokine parameters and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2000; 102:3060-7.10.1161/01.CIR.102.25.3060
- 5. Ueland T, Kjekshus J, Fr∅land SS, Omland T, Squire IB, Gullestad L, et al. Plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I during the acute phase following complicated myocardial infarction predicts survival in high-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 46:2018-2021.10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.039
- 6. Merz WM, Kubler K, Albers E, Stoffel-Wagner B, Gembruch U. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in the circulation of fetuses with cardiac malformations. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012; 101:73-9.10.1007/s00392-011-0366-4
- 7. Solheim E, Off MK, Hoff PI, De Bortoli A, Schuster P, Ohm OJ, et al. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level at long-term follow-up after atrial fibrillation ablation: a marker of reverse atrial remodelling and successful ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2012; 34:129-36.
- 8. McGeoch G, Lainchbury J, Town GI, Toop L, Espiner E, Richards AM. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide after long-term treatment for heart failure in general practice. Eur J Heart Fail, 2002; 4:479-83.10.1016/S1388-9842(02)00027-2
- 9. Tang WH, Girod JP, Lee MJ, Starling RC, Young JB, Van Lente F, et al. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in ambulatory patients with established chronic symptomatic systolic heart failure. Circulation, 2003; 16:2964-6.10.1161/01.CIR.0000106903.98196.B6
- 10. de Lemos JA, McGuire DK, Drazner MH. B-type natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 2003; 362:316-22.10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13976-1
- 11. Hall C Essential biochemistry and physiology of (NT-pro) BNP. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004; 6:257-610.1016/j.ejheart.2003.12.015
- 12. Richards AM, Nicholls MG, Yandle TG, Frampton C, Espiner EA, Turner JG, et al. Plasma Nterminal probrain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin: new neurohormonal predictors of left ventricular function and prognosis after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998; 97:1921-9.10.1161/01.CIR.97.19.1921
- 13. Omland T, Aakvaag A, Bonarjee VV, Caidahl K, Lie RT, Nilsen DW, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as an indicator of left ventricular systolic function and long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction. Comparison with plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide. Circulation. 1996; 93:1963-9.10.1161/01.CIR.93.11.1963
- 14. Clerico A, Emdin M. Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of the measurement of cardiac natriuretic peptides: a review. Clin Chem. 2004; 50: 33-50.10.1373/clinchem.2003.024760
- 15. Schulz H, Langvik TA, Lund Sagen E, Smith J, Ahmadi N, Hall C. Radioimmunoassay for N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in human plasma. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2001; 61:33-42.10.1080/00365510151067947
- 16. Vanderheyden M, Vrints C, Verstreken S, Bartunek J, Beunk J, Goethals M. B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of heart failure: new insights from biochemistry and clinical implications. Biomark Med, 2010; 4:315-20.10.2217/bmm.10.5
- 17. Mohammed SF, Korinek J, Chen HH, Burnett JC, Redfield MM. Nesiritide in acute decompensated heart failure: current status and future perspectives. Circ Heart Fail. 2008; 1:258-64.
- 18. Miller WL, Burnett JC Jr, Hartman KA, Henle MP, Burritt MF, Jaffe AS. Lower rather than higher levels of B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-pro-BNP and BNP) predict short-term mortality in severe heart failure patients treated with nesiritide. Am J Cardiol, 2005; 15: 837-41.10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.05.032
- 19. Sun T, Wang L, Zhang Y. Prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic and advanced heart failure. Intern Med J, 2007, 37:168-171.10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01296.x
- 20. Niederkofler EE, Kiernan UA, O’Rear J, Menon S, Saghir S, Protter AA, et al. Detection of endogenous B-type natriuretic peptide at very low concentrations in patients with heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2008; 1: 258-64.
- 21. Cohen-Solal A, Logeart D, Huang B, Cai D, Nieminen MS, Mebazaa A. Lowered B-type natriuretic peptide in response to levosimendan or dobutamine treatment is associated with improved survival in patients with severe acutely decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53:2343-8.10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.058
- 22. Smith DT, Farzaneh-Far R, Ali S, Na B, Whooley MA, Schiller NB. Relation of beta-blocker use with frequency of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol, 2010; 105:223-8.10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.08.677
- 23. Earl GL, Verbos-Kazanas MA, Fitzpatrick JM, Narula J. Tolerability of beta-blockers in outpatients with refractory heart failure who were receiving continuous milrinone. Pharmacotherapy. 2007; 27:697-706.10.1592/phco.27.5.697
- 24. Yang ZY, Li KL, Wang Q, Wang RX. Clinical characteristics of severe chronic heart failure patients with normal blood B-type natriuretic peptide. Chin J Cariol, 2010; 38:979-982 (in Chinese).