Inhibitory effect of Derris reticulata ethanol extract on LPS-induced macrophage activation

Vongnam, Thassanee; Wittayalertpanya, Supeecha; Raungrungsi, Nijsiri; Limpanasithikul, Wacharee

doi:10.5372/1905-7415.0701.154

Abstract

Background: Deiris reticulata Craib is a Thai medicinal plant in the Legiuninosae family. It has flavonoids as major active compounds similar to other plants in genus Denis. Several flavonoids have been identified to have anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms and potency of flavonoids from this medicinal plant is not known.

Objective: We investigated the effect of ethanolic extract fr om stem of D. reticulata on LPS-induced macrophage activation.

Methods: J774A.1 cells were treated with 6.25-100 g/ml the extract for 24 horns and then activated with 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 horns. Tire extract inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-activated J774A. 1 cells in concentration-dependent maimer with IC₅₀ 62.5 μg/ml. The effect of this extract on phagocytosis activity of LPS-activated J774A. 1 cells was also investigated.

Results: The extract at concentrations of 50 and 100 pg/ml significantly inhibited zymosan phagocytosis of LPS-activated cells in a concentration dependent maimer. It decreased the mRNA expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which plays a role in NO production and the cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) which is responsible for prostaglandins (PGs) production in LPS-activated J774A. 1 cells. This extract also inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNF-α. IL-β and IL-6 in the LPS-activated J774A. 1 cells.

Conclusion: The results hi this study reveal for the first time that the ethanolic extract of D. reticulata stem has potential anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibited production of several known inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated macrophages. These findings may be useful to study this plant further as a source of antiinflammatory activity.

References

1. Gordon S, Rabinowitz S. Macrophages as targets for drugs delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998; 4:27-47.10.1016/0169-409X(89)90036-7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Fujiwara N, Kobayashi K. Macrophages in Inflammation. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005; 4:281-6.10.2174/1568010054022024
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007; 448: 501-5.10.1038/nature06246
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Laskin DL, Pendino KJ. Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in tissue injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1995; 35:655-77.10.1146/annurev.pa.35.040195.003255
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Belvisi MG, Hele DJ. Soft steroids: a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory airways diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2003; 16:321-5.10.1016/S1094-5539(03)00105-6
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Buckle DR, Hedgecok CJR. Drug targets in inflammation and immunomodulation. Drug Discov Today. 1997; 2: 325-32.10.1016/S1359-6446(97)01074-X
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Kim SJ, Flach AJ, Jampol LM. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in opthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010; 55:108-33.10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.07.005
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Songsak T. Phytochemistry of stem bark and pharmacognostic specification of Derris reticulata Craib. In Master’s Thesis 1995, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Mahidol C, Prawat H, Prachyawarakorn V, Ruchirawat S. Investigation of some bioactive Thai medicinal plants. Phytochemistry. 2002; 1:287-97.10.1023/A:1026085724239
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Formica JV, Regelson W. Review of the Biology of Quercetin and Related Bioflavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol. 1995; 33:1061-80.10.1016/0278-6915(95)00077-1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Amano F, Noda T. Improved detection of nitric oxide radical (NO) production in an activated macrophage culture with a radical scavenger, carboxy PTIO, and Griess reagent. FEBS letters. 1995; 368:425-8.10.1016/0014-5793(95)00700-J
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Manosroi A, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Manosroi J. Immunomodulatory activities of Clausena excavata Burm. f. wood extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 89: 155-60.10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00278-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Guardia T, Rotelli AE, Juarez AO, Pelzer LE. Antiinflammatory properties of plant flavonoids. Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat. Farmaco. 2001; 56:683-7.10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01111-9
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Kim HP, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Antiinflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular action mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004; 96:229-45.10.1254/jphs.CRJ04003X
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. Mahidol C, Prawat H, Ruchirawat S, Lihkitwitayawuid K, Lin L, Cordell GA. Prenylated flavanones from Derris retuculat. Phytochemistry. 1997; 45: 825-9.10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00001-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Itoigawa M, Ito C, Ju-ichi M, Nobukuni T, Ichiishi E, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Furukawa H. Cancer chemopreventive activity of flavanones on Epstein- Barr virus activation and two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer letters. 2002; 176:25-9.10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00740-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Dobrovolskaia MA, Vogel SN. Toll receptors, CD14, and macrophage activation and deactivation by LPS. Microbes Infect. 2002; 4:903-14.10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01613-1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Macarthur M, Hold GL, El-Omar EM. Inflammation and Cancer II. Role of chronic inflammation and cytokine gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal malignancy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004; 286:G515-20.10.1152/ajpgi.00475.200315010360
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. Zhang X, Culi Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Nie Z, Wang L, Yan B, Tang Y, Liu Y. Immuno-stimulating properties of diosgenyl saponins isolated from Paris polyphylla. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007; 17:2408-13.10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.03917350838
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. Netea MG, Simon A, Veerdonk F, Kullberg BJ, Meer JWM. IL-1 Processing in Host Defense: Beyond the Inflammasome. Plospathogens. 2010; 6:1-9.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Apte RN, Voronov E. Is interleukin-1 a good or bad ‘guy’ in tumor immunobiology and immunotherapy? Immunol Rev. 2008; 222:222-41.10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00615.x18364005
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Barbara JAJ, ostade XV, Lopez AF. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α): The good, the bad and potentially very effective. Immunol Cell Biol. 1996; 74:434-43.10.1038/icb.1996.738912006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. Black RA, Rauch CT, Kozlosky CJ, Peschon JJ, Slack JL, Wolfson MF, et al. A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumors-necrosis factor- from cells. Nature. 1997; 385:729-33.10.1038/385729a0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Yeung MC, Liu J, Lau AA. An essential for the interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PRK in the tumor necrosis factorinduced apoptosis in U937 cells. Immunity. 2008. 28: 447-87.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Korhonen R, Lahti A, Hamalainen M, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Dexamethasone Inhibits Inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase Expression and Nitric Oxide Production by Destabilizing mRNA in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Macrophages. Mol Pharmacol. 2002; 62:698-704.10.1124/mol.62.3.698
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. Lee SH, Soyoola E, Chanmugam P, Hart S, Sun W, Zhong H, et al. Selective Expression of Mitogeninducible Cyclooxygenase in Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267: 25934-8.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35698-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. Dubois RN, Abramson SB, Crofford L, Cupta RA, Simon LS, Putte LBA, et al. Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease. The FASEB journal. 1998; 12:1063-73.10.1096/fasebj.12.12.1063
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. Wang MT, Honn KV, Nie D. Cyclooxygenases, prostanoids, and tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007; 26:525-3410.1007/s10555-007-9096-517763971
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. Botting RM. Cycloxygenase: Past, present and future. A tribute to John R. Vane (1927-2004). J Therm Biol. 2006; 31:208-19.10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.11.008
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
30. Underhill DM, Ozinsky A. Phagocytosis of Microbes: Complexity in Action. Ann rev immunol. 2002; 20: 825-52.10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.103001.11474411861619
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
31. Tosi MF. Innate immune responses to infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 11:6241-9.10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.03616083775
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Inhibitory effect of Derris reticulata ethanol extract on LPS-induced macrophage activation

Abstract

Paradigm

My account