References
- 1Louis ED, McCreary M. How common is essential tremor? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2021; 11: 28. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.632
- 2Louis ED, Ford B, Frucht S, Barnes LF, X-Tang M, Ottman R. Risk of tremor and impairment from tremor in relatives of patients with essential tremor: a community-based family study. Ann Neurol. 2001; 49(6): 761–769. DOI: 10.1002/ana.1022
- 3Pahwa R, Lyons KE. Essential tremor: differential diagnosis and current therapy. Am J Med. 2003; 115(2): 134–142. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00259-6
- 4Bhidayasiri R. Differential diagnosis of common tremor syndromes. Postgrad Med J. 2005; 81(962): 756–762. DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.032979
- 5Louis ED, Dogu O. Isolated head tremor: part of the clinical spectrum of essential tremor? Data from population-based and clinic-based case samples. Mov Disord. 2009; 24(15): 2281–2285. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22777
- 6Clark LN, Louis ED. Essential tremor. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018; 147: 229–239. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63233-3.00015-4
- 7Louis ED. ‘Essential tremor’ or ‘the essential tremors’: is this one disease or a family of diseases? Neuroepidemiology. 2014; 42(2): 81–89. DOI: 10.1159/000356351
- 8Benito-Leon J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED. Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) Study Group. Incidence of essential tremor in three elderly populations of central Spain. Neurology. 2005; 64(10): 1721–1725. DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000161852.70374.01
- 9Zesiewicz TA, Elble RJ, Louis ED, et al. Evidence-based guideline update: treatment of essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. Nov 8 2011; 77(19): 1752–5. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318236f0fd
- 10Ferreira JJ, Mestre TA, Lyons KE, et al. MDS evidence-based review of treatments for essential tremor. Mov Disord. Jul 2019; 34(7): 950–958. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27700
- 11Diaz NL, Louis ED. Survey of medication usage patterns among essential tremor patients: movement disorder specialists vs. general neurologists. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010; 16(9): 604–607. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.07.011
- 12Gupta HV, Pahwa R, Dowell P, Khosla S, Lyons KE. Exploring essential tremor: Results from a large online survey. Clin Park Relat Disord. 2021; 5: 100101. DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100101
- 13Vetterick C, Lyons KE, Matthews LG, Pendal R, Ravina B. The hidden burden of disease and treatment experiences of patients with essential tremor: a retrospective claims data analysis. Adv Ther. Dec 2022; 39(12): 5546–5567. DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02318-8
- 14Lyons K, Ott KR, Shill H. International Essential Tremor Foundation: essential tremor in adult patients. Accessed August 31, 2023.
https://www.guidelinecentral.com/guideline/502775/pocket-guide/502776/ . - 15IBM Watson Health. IBM MarketScan Research Databases for life sciences researchers. Accessed August 31, 2023.
https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/OWZWJ0QO . - 16Rajput AH, Rajput A. Medical treatment of essential tremor. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2014; 6: 29–39. DOI: 10.4137/jcnsd.S13570
- 17Zesiewicz TA, Elble R, Louis ED, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. Jun 28 2005; 64(12): 2008–20. DOI: 10.1212/01.Wnl.0000163769.28552.Cd
- 18Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Hellriegel H, Elble R. Treatment of patients with essential tremor. Lancet Neurol. Feb 2011; 10(2): 148–61. DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70322-7
- 19Jefferson D, Jenner P, Marsden CD. Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Oct 1979; 42(10): 904–9. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.42.10.904
- 20Larsen TA, Teräväinen H, Calne DB. Atenolol vs. propranolol in essential tremor. A controlled, quantitative study. Acta Neurol Scand. Nov 1982; 66(5): 547–54. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03141.x
- 21Zappia M, Albanese A, Bruno E, et al. Treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review of evidence and recommendations from the Italian Movement Disorders Association. J Neurol. Mar 2013; 260(3): 714–40. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6628-x
- 22Bruno E, Nicoletti A, Quattrocchi G, et al. Topiramate for essential tremor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Apr 14 2017; 4(4): Cd009683. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009683.pub2
- 23Glasheen WP, Cordier T, Gumpina R, Haugh G, Davis J, Renda A. Charlson Comorbidity Index: ICD-9 update and ICD-10 translation. Am Health Drug Benefits. Jun–Jul 2019. 12(4): 188–197.
- 24Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. Oct 10 2017; 17(1): 230. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0621-2
- 25Dai D, Samiian A, Fernandes J, Coetzer H. Multiple comorbidities, psychiatric disorders, healthcare resource utilization and costs among adults with essential tremor: a retrospective observational study in a large US commercially insured and Medicare Advantage population. J Health Econ Outcomes Res. 2022; 9(2): 37–46. DOI: 10.36469/001c.37307
- 26Kapinos KA, Louis ED. Odds of medical comorbidities in essential tremor: Retrospective analysis of a large claims database in the United States. Neuroepidemiology. 2023; 57: 148–155. DOI: 10.1159/000530535
- 27Samiian A, Rosenbluth K, Rajagopal A, Shin S, Khosla D. Prevalence of essential tremor among patients with commercial or Medicare health insurance in the United States 2010–2018. Value Health. 2020; 23(2): S636. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.1400
- 28US Pharmacist. Polypharmacy. Accessed August 31, 2023.
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/polypharmacy . - 29Health Research Funding. 12 incredible polypharmacy statistics. Accessed August 31, 2023.
https://healthresearchfunding.org/polypharmacy-statistics/ . - 30Anand TV, Wallace BK, Chase HS. Prevalence of potentially harmful multidrug interactions on medication lists of elderly ambulatory patients. BMC Geriatr. Nov 19 2021; 21(1): 648. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02594-z