Video 1
Shows visual inspection of tongue, which did not reveal any abnormality.
Figure 1
Shows the ultrasonography technique of submental view with the linear probe.
Video 2
Shows ultrasonography of tongue which revealed dystonic contractions of geniohyoid muscle (arrow from above) and genioglossus muscle (arrow from below).
Video 3
Shows ultrasonography of tongue after botulinum toxin injection which revealed marked improvement in the dystonic contractions of the muscles.
Video 4
Shows dystonic movements noted in the region of face (orbicularis oris, mentalis, and corrugator supercilii) along with subtle dyskinetic movements of the pharyngeal region.
Video 5
Shows ultrasonography of tongue and pharynx which revealed dyskinetic movements of the pharyngeal region (arrow), disproportionately more than any other region.
Video 6
Shows marked improvement in dystonic contractions of the orofacial region after initiation of the treatment.
Video 7
Shows ultrasonography of tongue and pharynx revealing near resolution of dyskinetic movements of the pharyngeal region after initiation of the treatment.
Video 8
Shows visual inspection revealing jaw closure dystonia, frontalis and corrugator supercilii dystonia/dyskinesia, and blepharospasm without any abnormality of the tongue.
Video 9
Shows ultrasonography of tongue which revealed frank dystonic contractions of the geniohyoid muscle (arrow) and subtle contractions of genioglossus muscle.