Table 1
Comparison of demographic characteristics and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) co-morbidities between inpatient admissions among the unadjusted and matched samples. Continuous variables are reported as medians with interquartile range. *Four admissions in the unadjusted sample were missing data regarding race and were not included in the matched sample. Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
| UNADJUSTED | PROPENSITY-SCORE MATCHED | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVARIATE | CONTROL ADMISSIONS (TOTAL N = 157,594) n (%) | ET ADMISSIONS (TOTAL N = 893) n (%) | STANDARDIZED MEAN DIFFERENCE | CONTROL ADMISSIONS (TOTAL N = 888) n (%) | ET ADMISSIONS (TOTAL N = 888) n (%) | STANDARDIZED MEAN DIFFERENCE |
| Age, years | 63.7 (47.6 – 74.3) | 73.1 (67.5 – 79.9) | 0.78 | 73.2 (65.3 – 82.3) | 73.1 (67.4 – 79.9) | 0.02 |
| Female | 84,891 (53.9) | 474 (53.1) | –0.02 | 443 (49.9) | 471 (53.0) | 0.06 |
| Race* | –0.52 | 0.05 | ||||
| White | 97,018 (63.2) | 779 (87.6) | 795 (89.5) | 778 (87.6) | ||
| Black | 42,130 (27.4) | 87 (9.8) | 80 (9.0) | 87 (9.8) | ||
| Asian | 6,077 (4.0) | 9 (0.9) | 4 (0.5) | 9 (1.0) | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 328 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 309 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other or Unknown | 7,702 (5.0) | 14 (1.6) | 9 (1.0) | 14 (1.6) | ||
| CCI co-morbidities | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 15,274 (9.7) | 88 (9.9) | 0.00 | 81 (9.1) | 88 (9.9) | 0.03 |
| Congestive heart failure | 34,646 (22.0) | 195 (21.8) | –0.01 | 172 (19.4) | 195 (22.0) | 0.06 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 24,549 (15.6) | 203 (22.7) | 0.18 | 171 (29.3) | 202 (22.7) | 0.09 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 28,600 (18.1) | 205 (23.0) | 0.12 | 203 (22.9) | 204 (23.0) | 0.00 |
| Dementia | 8,226 (5.2) | 83 (9.3) | 0.16 | 79 (8.9) | 83 (9.3) | 0.02 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 38,251 (24.3) | 285 (31.9) | 0.17 | 244 (27.5) | 284 (32.0) | 0.10 |
| Rheumatic disease | 6,604 (4.2) | 64 (7.2) | 0.13 | 62 (7.0) | 63 (7.1) | 0.01 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 4,582 (2.9) | 34 (3.8) | 0.05 | 33 (3.7) | 34 (3.8) | 0.01 |
| Liver disease, mild | 12,695 (8.1) | 97 (10.9) | 0.09 | 101 (11.4) | 97 (10.9) | –0.02 |
| Diabetes without complications | 44,183 (28.0) | 317 (35.5) | 0.16 | 315 (35.5) | 315 (35.5) | 0.00 |
| Renal disease, mild to moderate | 27,649 (17.5) | 228 (25.5) | 0.19 | 200 (22.5) | 227 (25.6) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes with complications | 44,183 (28.0) | 317 (35.5) | 0.16 | 315 (35.5) | 315 (35.5) | 0.00 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 2,251 (1.4) | 24 (2.7) | 0.09 | 27 (3.0) | 23 (2.6) | –0.03 |
| Any malignancy | 42,683 (27.1) | 274 (30.7) | 0.07 | 280 (31.5) | 273 (30.7) | –0.02 |
| Liver disease, moderate to severe | 2,711 (1.7) | 11 (1.2) | –0.04 | 11 (1.2) | 11 (1.2) | 0.00 |
| Renal disease, severe | 10,785 (6.8) | 41 (4.6) | –0.10 | 43 (4.8) | 41 (4.6) | –0.01 |
| HIV infection, no AIDS | 1,971 (1.3) | 7 (0.8) | –0.05 | 14 (1.6) | 7 (0.8) | –0.08 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 7,144 (4.5) | 32 (3.6) | –0.06 | 29 (3.3) | 31 (3.5) | 0.01 |
| AIDS | 681 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | –0.02 | 8 (0.9) | 3 (0.3) | –0.09 |
Figure 1
Odds of inpatient admission associated with each diagnostic category among admissions of patients with essential tremor (ET) (n = 888) compared to matched admissions among control patients without ET (n = 888). Odds of ophthalmologic and wound-related admissions were omitted from the plot due to the CI widths. Due to multiple comparisons, statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.002. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval; SCI spinal cord injury; TBI traumatic brain injury.
Table 2
Comparison of demographic characteristics and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) co-morbidities between emergency department (ED) visits among the unadjusted and matched samples. Continuous variables are reported as medians with interquartile range. *Two ED visits in the unadjusted sample were missing data regarding race and were not included in the matched sample. Abbreviations: AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV human immunodeficiency virus.
| UNADJUSTED | PROPENSITY-SCORE MATCHED | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVARIATE | CONTROL ED VISITS(TOTAL N = 335,417) n (%) | ET ED VISITS(TOTAL N = 1,116) n (%) | STANDARDIZED MEAN DIFFERENCE | CONTROL ED VISITS(TOTAL N = 1,114) n (%) | ET ED VISITS(TOTAL N = 1,114) n (%) | STANDARDIZED MEAN DIFFERENCE |
| Age, years | 34.2 (25.1 – 52.8) | 69.5 (57.9 – 78.3) | 1.46 | 70.3 (58.6 – 81.7) | 69.6 (57.9 – 78.3) | –0.10 |
| Female | 181,165 (54.0) | 643 (57.6) | 0.07 | 617 (55.4) | 643 (57.7) | 0.05 |
| Race* | –0.52 | 0.07 | ||||
| White | 146,843 (46.8) | 826 (74.1) | 870 (78.1) | 826 (74.1) | ||
| Black | 117,255 (37.4) | 220 (19.7) | 189 (17.0) | 220 (19.7) | ||
| Asian | 20,372 (6.5) | 24 (2.2) | 17 (1.5) | 24 (2.2) | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 944 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 937 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other or Unknown | 27,576 (8.8) | 44 (3.9) | 38 (3.4) | 44 (3.9) | ||
| CCI co-morbidities | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 5,954 (1.8) | 53 (4.7) | 0.16 | 73 (6.6) | 53 (4.8) | –0.10 |
| Congestive heart failure | 10,309 (3.1) | 161 (14.4) | 0.40 | 166 (14.9) | 161 (14.5) | –0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 7,742 (2.3) | 183 (16.4) | 0.49 | 159 (14.3) | 183 (16.4) | 0.08 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14,170 (4.2) | 220 (19.7) | 0.48 | 184 (16.5) | 220 (19.7) | 0.20 |
| Dementia | 5,505 (1.6) | 101 (9.1) | 0.33 | 95 (8.5) | 101 (9.1) | 0.02 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 58,458 (17.4) | 390 (34.9) | 0.39 | 359 (32.2) | 389 (34.9) | 0.06 |
| Rheumatic disease | 4,695 (1.4) | 72 (6.5) | 0.26 | 55 (4.9) | 77 (6.5) | 0.08 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 3,388 (1.0) | 44 (3.9) | 0.19 | 30 (2.7) | 44 (3.9) | 0.08 |
| Liver disease, mild | 8,492 (2.5) | 94 (8.4) | 0.26 | 90 (8.1) | 94 (8.4) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes without complications | 32,597 (9.7) | 347 (31.1) | 0.55 | 308 (27.6) | 347 (31.1) | 0.09 |
| Renal disease, mild to moderate | 8,575 (2.6) | 205 (18.4) | 0.53 | 188 (16.9) | 205 (18.4) | 0.05 |
| Diabetes with complications | 32,597 (9.7) | 347 (31.1) | 0.55 | 308 (27.6) | 347 (31.1) | 0.09 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 1,228 (0.4) | 13 (1.2) | 0.09 | 16 (1.4) | 13 (1.2) | –0.03 |
| Any malignancy | 17,693 (5.3) | 248 (22.2) | 0.50 | 231 (20.7) | 248 (22.3) | 0.05 |
| Liver disease, moderate to severe | 843 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 0.02 | 6 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | –0.03 |
| Renal disease, severe | 3,151 (0.9) | 43 (3.9) | 0.19 | 49 (4.4) | 43 (3.9) | –0.03 |
| HIV infection, no AIDS | 2,784 (0.8) | 19 (1.7) | 0.08 | 14 (1.3) | 19 (1.7) | 0.04 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 1,940 (0.6) | 16 (1.4) | 0.08 | 13 (1.2) | 16 (1.4) | 0.03 |
| AIDS | 384 (0.1) | 0 | –0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Figure 2
Odds of emergency department (ED) visits associated with each diagnostic category among ED visits of patients with essential tremor (ET) (n = 1,114) compared to matched control ED visits among patients without ET (n = 1,114). Odds of burn-related visits were omitted from the plot due to the CI width. Due to multiple comparisons, statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.002. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval; SCI spinal cord injury; TBI traumatic brain injury.