Table 1
Number of patients with non-parkinsonian tremor syndromes.
| NON-PARKINSONIAN TREMOR SYNDROME | NUMBER OF PATIENTS (N = 475) | |
|---|---|---|
| Dystonic tremor | 158 (33.26%) Body distribution of dystonia: Focal: 86 (54.43%)
Generalized: 9 (5.69%) | |
| Essential tremor plus | 68 (14.31%) Soft signs: Questionable dystonia: 64
Impaired tandem gait: 13 Rest tremor: 4 | |
| Essential tremor | 64 (13.47%) | |
| Functional tremor | 26 (5.47%) | |
| Indeterminate tremor | 20 (4.21%) | |
| Isolated Head tremor | 9 (1.89%) | |
| Primary writing tremor | 6 (1.26%) | |
| Acquired causes of tremor | 124 (26.10%) | |
| Details of acquired causes | Drug induced | 80 (64.51%) [Antiepileptics-70; Antipsychotics-5;Alcohol-3, Beta-agonist-inhalers-1, Metronidazole-1] |
| Stroke | 14 (11.29%) | |
| CNS infection | 10 (8.06%) | |
| Neuropathy | 7 (5.64%) | |
| Holmes’ tremor | 4 (3.25%) | |
| Cervical myelopathy | 3 (2.49%) | |
| Multiple sclerosis | 1(0.08%) | |
| Hypercalcemia | 1(0.08%) | |
| Mitochondrial disorder | 1(0.08%) | |
| Sub-acute-combined degeneration | 1(0.08%) | |
| Infantile-tremor syndrome | 1(0.08%) | |
Table 2
Demographic and clinical features of patients with non-parkinsonian tremor syndromes.
| TYPE OF TREMOR | DT | ETP | ET | ET VS ETP (*P VALUE) | DT VS ET (P VALUE) | DT VS ETP (P VALUE) | ACQUIRED TREMOR | FT | IDT | IHT | PWT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 158 | 68 | 64 | – | – | – | 124 | 26 | 20 | 9 | 6 |
| Family history present | 45 (28.48%) | 39 (57.35%) | 7 (10.93%) | 0.00003 | 0.005 | 0.00004 | 3 (2.41%) | 2 (7.6%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (11%) | 1 (16.66%) |
| Gender M:F | 98/60 | 51/17 | 55/9 | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.07 | 84:40 | 10:16 | 12:8 | 5:4 | 6:0 |
| Response to alcohol | 17 (10.75%) | 16 (23.52%) | 19 (29.68%) | 0.42 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 9 (7.25%) | 0 | 3 (15%) | 2 (22.22%) | 1 (16.66%) |
| Mean age ± SD (range) years | 45.34 ± 16.37 (11–80) | 48.32 ± 17.98 (13–80) | 47.79 ± 18.75 (16–80) | 0.86 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 35.97 ± 16.68 (1.5–73) | 34.42 ± 11.30 (12–58) | 26.2 ± 11.23 (13–50) | 58.77 ± 9.36 (40–73) | 39.83 ± 16.63 (22–60) |
| Mean duration of disease ± SD (range) years | 5.60 ± 5.93 (0.5–40) | 9.53 ± 8.64 (3–50) | 6.38 ± 5.97 (3–30) | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.0003 | 2.99 ± 4.39 (0.02–30) | 1.61 ± 1.76 (5 days–7 years) | 1.25 ± .58 (0.5–2.5) | 8.66 ± 8.14 (0.5–30) | 2.16 ± 1.24 (0.5–4 years) |
| Mean TETRAS-A ± SD (range) | 13.81 ± 6.40 (2–40) | 12.15 ± 5.76; (2–27) | 12.78 ± 5.93 (2–30) | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 7.26 ± 8.03 (1–40) | 11.21 ± 4.26 (2–28) | 2.65 ± 0.85 (1–5) | 18.33 ± 9.10 (11–39) | 12.0 ± 2.0 (9–15) |
| Mean TETRAS-P ± SD (range) | 9.68 ± 3.70 (2–27) | 15.26 ± 6.49; (3–31.5) | 9.34 ± 3.82 (2–27) | 0.0001 | 0.94 | 0.0001 | 8.37 ± 4.97 (1–23) | 8.50 ± 3.41 (2–12.5) | 4.65 ± 2.26 (1–9) | 13.88 ± 5.87 (8–28) | 7.5 ± 2.14 (5–11) |
| Mean TETRAS-T ± SD (range) | 23.50 ± 8.62 (4–67) | 27.42 ± 11.70; (6–54.5) | 22.12 ± 8.19 (6–49) | 0.007 | 0.27 | 0.007 | 15.56 ± 12.04 (3–63) | 19.71 ± 6.75 (9–44) | 7.4 ± 2.41 (3–12) | 32.22 ± 13.65 (19–58) | 19.5 ± 3.20 (17–26) |
[i] M: Male; F: Female; SD: Standard deviation; DT: Dystonic tremor; ET: Essential tremor; ETP: Essential tremor plus; TETRAS: The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale; TETRAS-A: TETRAS activities of daily living subscale; TETRAS-P: TETRAS performance subscale; TETRAS-T: TETRAS total score; FT: Functional tremor; IDT: Indeterminate tremor; IHT: Isolated head tremor; PWT: Primary writing tremor; *Bold indicates significant p value.
Figure 1
Age of patients with different non-parkinsonian tremor syndromes.
x-axis: Number of patients; y-axis: age of the patients.
DT: Dystonic tremor; ETP: Essential tremor plus; ET: Essential tremor; AT: Acquired tremor; FT: Functional tremor; IDT: Indeterminate tremor; IHT: Idiopathic head tremor; PWT: Primary writing tremor.