References
- 1Schneider SA, Bird T. Huntington’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease Look-Alikes, and Benign Hereditary Chorea: What’s New? Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2016; 3(4): 342–354. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12312
- 2Walker RH. Chorea. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013; 19. (5 Movement Disorders): 1242–63. DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000436155.46909.c3
- 3Piccolo I, Defanti CA, Soliveri P, Volontè MA, Cislaghi G, Girotti F. Cause and course in a series of patients with sporadic chorea. J Neurol. 2003; 250(4): 429–35. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-003-1010-7
- 4Walker RH. Update on the Non-Huntington’s Disease Choreas with Comments on the Current Nomenclature. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2012; 2: tre-02-49-211-1. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.122
- 5Martino D, Stamelou M, Bhatia KP. The differential diagnosis of Huntington’s disease-like syndromes: ‘red flags’ for the clinician. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013; 84(6): 650–6. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302532
- 6Mencacci NE, Carecchio M. Recent advances in genetics of chorea. Curr Opin Neurol. 2016; 29(4): 486–95. DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000352
- 7Walker RH. The non-Huntington disease choreas: Five new things. Neurol Clin Pract. 2016; 6(2): 150–156. DOI: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000236
- 8Martinez-Ramirez D, Walker RH, Rodríguez-Violante M, Gatto EM; Review of Hereditary and Acquired Rare Choreas. Rare Movement Disorders Study Group of International Parkinson’s Disease. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2020 Aug 6; 10: 24. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.548
- 9Bovenzi R, Conti M, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, Stefani A, Pisani A, Mercuri NB, Schirinzi T. Adult-onset sporadic chorea: real-world data from a single-centre retrospective study. Neurol Sci. 2021 May 26. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05332-w
- 10Meneret A, Garcin B, Frismand S, Lannuzel A, Mariani L, Roze E. Treatable Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders Not to Be Missed. Front Neurol. 2021; 12: 659805. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659805
- 11Castilhos RM, Souza AF, Furtado GV, Gheno TC, Silva AL, Vargas FR, Lima MA, Barsottini O, Pedroso JL, Godeiro C
Jr. , Salarini D, Pereira ET, Lin K, Toralles MB, Saute JA, Rieder CR, Quintas M, Sequeiros J, Alonso I, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Huntington disease and Huntington disease-like in a case series from Brazil. Clin Genet. 2014; 86(4): 373–7. DOI: 10.1111/cge.12283 - 12Kenney C, Powell S, Jankovic J. Autopsy-proven Huntington’s disease with 29 trinucleotide repeats. Mov Disord 2007. 22(1): 127–130. DOI: 10.1002/mds.21195
- 13Ha AD, Beck CA, Jankovic J. Intermediate CAG Repeats in Huntington’s Disease: Analysis of COHORT. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2012; 2: tre-02-64-287-4. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.85
- 14Garcia-Ruiz PJ, Garcia-Caldentey J, Feliz C, del Val J, Herranz A, Martínez-Castrillo JC. Late onset Huntington’s disease with 29 CAG repeat expansion. J Neurol Sci. 2016; 363: 114–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.030
- 15Savitt D, Jankovic J. Clinical phenotype in carriers of intermediate alleles in the huntingtin gene. J Neurol Sci. 2019; 402: 57–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.010
- 16Jevtic S, Provias JP. Case report and literature review of Huntington disease with intermediate CAG expansion. BMJ Neurol open. 2020 Feb 9; 2(1):
e000027 . eCollection 2020. DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2019-000027 - 17Garcia Ruiz PJ, Ayerbe J, Bader B, Danek A, Sanz MJ, Cabo I, Alonso Frech F. Deep brain stimulation in chorea acanthocytosis. Mov Disord 2009. 24(10): 1546–7. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22592
- 18Vijiaratnam N, Bhatia KP, Lang AE, Raskind WH, Espay AJ. ADCY5-Related Dyskinesia: Improving Clinical Detection of an Evolving Disorder. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2019; 6(7): 512–520. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12816
- 19Hallett M, Kaufman C. Physiological observations in Sydenham’s chorea. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981. 44(9): 829–32. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.44.9.829
- 20Cardoso F. Sydenham’s chorea. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011; 100: 221–9. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00014-8
- 21Orsini A, Foiadelli T, Magistrali M, Carli N, Bagnasco I, Dassi P, Verrotti A, Marcotulli D, et al. A nationwide study on Sydenham’s chorea: Clinical features, treatment and prognostic factors. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2022; 36: 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.11.002
- 22Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Alonso-Juarez M, Koslowski M. Chorea in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Rheumatol. 2011; 17: 69–72. DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31820e7c8d
- 23Delorme C, Cohen F, Hubsch C, Roze Ev. Chorea as the initial manifestation of Sjogren syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 2015; 52(6): 647–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.02.021
- 24Alvarado-Franco NL, Gonzalez-Marques C, Olguín-Ramírez LA, Garza-Alpirez A, Femat-Roldan G, Martinez-Ramirez D. Athetoid Movements as Initial Manifestation of Primary Sjögren Syndrome. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2018 Aug 16; 8: 573. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.419
- 25Nomura M, Okada J, Tateno S, Kobayashi Y, Kondo H. Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and antiphospholipid syndrome: successful treatment with cyclophosphamide pulse therapy and anticoagulant. Intern Med. 1994; 33(8): 484–7. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.33.484
- 26Suchowersky O, Muthipeedika J. A case of lateonset chorea. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2005; 1(2): 113–6. DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0052
- 27Patel RA, Hall DA, Eichenseer S, Bailey M. Movement disorders and hematological diseases. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2020; 8(2): 193–207. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13129
- 28Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, García-Ruiz PJ, Molina JA. Drug-induced movement disorders. Drug Saf. 1997; 16(3): 180–204. DOI: 10.2165/00002018-199716030-00004
- 29Waln O, Jankovic J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2013; 3: tre-03-161-4138-1. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.165
- 30Gatto EM, Aldinio V, Parisi V, Persi G, Da Prat G, Bullrich MB, Sanchez P, Rojas G. Sertraline-induced Hemichorea. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2017 Dec 18; 7: 518. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.367
- 31Martin EJ, Vaughan CL, Atayee R, Hirst JM, O’Donnell K, Edmonds KP. Hydromorphone-induced chorea as an atypical presentation of opioid neurotoxicity: A case report and review of the literature. Palliat Med. 2018 Oct; 32(9): 1529–1532. DOI: 10.1177/0269216318786861
- 32Forbes E, Vaswani PA, Duda JE, Morley JF. Uremic Striatopallidal Syndrome Manifesting as Acute Onset Chorea. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2021; 8(Suppl 1): S55-S57. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13285
- 33Hamed S, Mohamed K, Abd Elhameed S, Moussa E, Abozaid H, Lang A, Mohamed A, Moussa J. Movement Disorders Due to Selective Basal Ganglia Lesions with Uremia. Can J Neurol Sci. 2020; 47(3): 350–365. DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.29
- 34Manickavasigar R, Chemmanam T, Youssef A, Agarwal A, Prentice DA, Irish AB. The Extrapyramidal Syndromes of Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis (EPS-CKDD): diagnostic criteria, risk factors and prognosis. QJM. 2021 May 19; hcab140. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab140
- 35Sousa AL, Salgado P, Alves JE, Silva S, Ferreira S, Magalhães M. Uncommon Movement Disorders in Chronic Hepatic Disease with Response to Rifaximin. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2019 Aug 2; 9. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.475
- 36Ryan C, Ahlskog JE, Savica R. Hyperglycemic chorea/ballism ascertained over 15 years at a referral medical center. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018; 48: 97–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.12.032
- 37Cosentino C, Torres L, Nuñez Y, Suarez R, Velez M, Flores M. Hemichorea/Hemiballism Associated with Hyperglycemia: Report of 20 Cases. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2016 Jul 19; 6: 402. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.291
- 38Chua CB, Sun CK, Hsu CW, Tai YC, Liang CY, Tsai IT. “Diabetic striatopathy”: clinical presentations, controversy, pathogenesis, treatments, and outcomes. Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 31; 10(1): 1594. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58555-w
- 39Lee MS, Marsden CD. Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region. Mov Disord. 1994; 9(5): 493–507. DOI: 10.1002/mds.870090502
- 40Alarcón F, Zijlmans JCM, Dueñas G, Cevallos N. Post-stroke movement disorders: report of 56 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004; 75(11): 1568–74. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.011874
- 41Mehanna R, Jankovic J. Movement disorders in cerebrovascular disease. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12(6): 597–608. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70057-7
- 42Gonzalez-Usigli H, Espay AJ. Teaching Video NeuroImages: semiology and localization of ballistic movements. Neurology. 2014 Jul 22; 83(4): e56–7. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000622
- 43Suri R, Rodriguez-Porcel F, Donohue K, Jesse E, Lovera L, Dwivedi AK, Espay AJ. Post-stroke Movement Disorders: The Clinical, Neuroanatomic, and Demographic Portrait of 284 Published Cases. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018; 27(9): 2388–2397. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.028
- 44Carbayo A, Sarto J, Santana D, Compta Y, Urra X. Hemichorea as Presentation of Acute Cortical Ischemic Stroke. Case Series and Review of the Literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Oct; 29(10): 105150. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105150
- 45Schreglmann SR, Riederer F, Galovic M, Ganos C, Kägi G, Waldvogel D, Jaunmuktane Z, Schaller A, Hidding U, Krasemann E, Michels L, Baumann CR, Bhatia K, Jung HH. Movement disorders in genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease and the putative role of the cerebellum. Mov Disord. 2018; 33(1): 146–155. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27174
- 46Monbaliu E, de Cock P, Ortibus E, Heyrman L, Klingels K, Feys H. Clinical patterns of dystonia and choreoathetosis in participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016; 58(2): 138–44. DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12846
- 47Monbaliu E, Himmelmann K, Lin JP, Ortibus E, Bonouvrié L, Feys H, Vermeulen RJ, Dan B. Clinical presentation and management of dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Lancet Neurol. 2017; 16(9): 741–749. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30252-1
- 48Pearson TS, Pons R, Ghaoui R, Sue CM. Genetic mimics of cerebral palsy. Mov Disord. 2019; 34(5): 625–636. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27655
- 49Moioli A, Maresca B, Manzione A, Napoletano AM, Coclite D, Pirozzi N, Punzo G, Menè P. Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profiling and management. J Nephrol. 2016; 29(6): 783–789. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0267-8
- 50Scott BL, Jankovic J. Delayed-onset progressive movement disorders after static brain lesions. Neurology. 1996; 46(1): 68–74. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.46.1.68
- 51Krauss JK. Movement disorders secondary to craniocerebral trauma. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015; 128: 475–96. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63521-1.00030-3
- 52Manjunath N, Jhunjhunwala K, Devi BI, Pal PK. Posttraumatic movement disorders: A clinical and imaging profile of 30 patients. Neurol India. 2019; 67(3): 738–743.
- 53Moon D. Disorders of Movement due to Acquired and Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2022; 10(4): 311–323. DOI: 10.1007/s40141-022-00368-1
- 54Nielsen TR, Bruhn P, Nielsen JE, Hjermind LE. Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia mimicking Huntington’s disease. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010; 22(4): 674–7. DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210000098
- 55Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Parkinsonism, movement disorders and genetics in frontotemporal dementia. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016; 12(3): 175–85. DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.14
- 56Schneider SA, Bird T. Huntington’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease Look-Alikes, and Benign Hereditary Chorea: What’s New? Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2016 27; 3(4): 342–354. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12312
- 57Estevez-Fraga C, Magrinelli F, Hensman Moss D, Mulroy E, Di Lazzaro G, Latorre A, Mackenzie M, Houlden H, Tabrizi SJ, Bhatia KP. Expanding the Spectrum of Movement Disorders Associated With C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Expansions. Neurol Genet. 2021 Mar 12; 7(2):
e575 . DOI: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000575 - 58Ramos EM, Dokuru DR, Van Berlo V, Wojta K, Wang Q, Huang AY, Deverasetty S, Qin Y, van Blitterswijk M, et al. ARTFL/LEFFTDS consortium, Coppola G. Genetic screening of a large series of North American sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia cases. Alzheimers Dement. 2020; 16(1): 118–130. DOI: 10.1002/alz.12011
- 59Kumar N, Rizek P, Sadikovic B, Adams PC, Jog M. Movement disorders associated with hemochromatosis. Can J Neurol Sci 2016. 43(6): 801–808. DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.286
- 60Russo N, Edwards M, Andrews T, O’Brien M, Bhatia KP. Hereditary haemochromatosis is unlikely to cause movement disorders—a critical review. J Neurol. 2004; 251(7): 849–52. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-004-0445-9
