References
- 1Bandmann O, Weiss KH, Kaler SG. Wilson’s disease and other neurological copper disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Jan; 14(1): 103–13. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70190-5
- 2Thomas GR, Forbes JR, Roberts EA, Walshe JM, Cox DW. The Wilson disease gene: spectrum of mutations and their consequences. Nat Genet. 1995 Feb; 9(2): 210–7. DOI: 10.1038/ng0295-210
- 3Wilson SAK. Progressive lenticular degeneration: a familial nervous disease associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Brain. 1912; 34: 295–507. DOI: 10.1093/brain/34.4.295
- 4Członkowska A, Litwin T, Dusek P, Ferenci P, Lutsenko S, Medici V, et al. Wilson disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Sep 6; 4(1): 21. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0018-3
- 5Chen DB, Feng L, Lin XP, Zhang W, Li FR, Liang XL, et al. Penicillamine increases free copper and enhances oxidative stress in the brain of toxic milk mice. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):
e37709 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037709 - 6Tambasco N, Romoli M, Calabresi P. Selective basal ganglia vulnerability to energy deprivation: Experimental and clinical evidences. Prog Neurobiol. 2018; 169: 55–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.003
- 7Scheiber IF, Mercer JF, Dringen R. Metabolism and functions of copper in brain. Prog Neurobiol. 2014; 116: 33–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002
- 8Mulligan C, Bronstein JM. Wilson Disease: An Overview and Approach to Management. Neurol Clin. 2020 May; 38(2): 417–432. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.01.005
- 9Soltanzadeh A, Soltanzadeh P, Nafissi S, Ghorbani A, Sikaroodi H, Lotfi J. Wilson’s disease: a great masquerader. Eur Neurol. 2007; 57(2): 80–5. DOI: 10.1159/000098056
- 10Marsden CD. Wilson’s disease. Q J Med. 1987; 65: 959–66. DOI: 10.1097/00005792-198701000-00002
- 11Dusek P, Roos PM, Litwin T, Schneiderf SA, Flateng TA, Aasethh J. The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and manganese in Parkinson’s and Wilson’s diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015; 31: 193–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.007
- 12Barthel H, Hermann W, Kluge R, Hesse S, Collingridge DR, Wagner A, Sabri O. Concordant pre- and postsynaptic deficits of dopaminergic neurotransmission in neurologic Wilson disease. Am J Neuroradiol. 2003; 24: 234–8.
- 13Lorincz MT. Neurologic Wilson’s disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010; 1184: 173–87. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05109.x
- 14European Association for Study of Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Wilson’s disease. J Hepatol. 2012; 56(3): 671–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.11.007
- 15Ferenci P, Caca K, Loudianos G, Mieli-Vergani G, Tanner S, Sternlieb I, Schilsky M, Cox D, Berr F. Diagnosis and phenotypic classification of Wilson disease. Liver Int. 2003; 23(3): 139–42. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2003.00824.x
- 16Bhatia KP, Bain P, Bajaj N, Elble RJ, Hallett M, Louis ED, et al. Tremor Task Force of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors. from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Mov Disord. 2018 Jan; 33(1): 75–87. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27121
- 17Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, Delong MR, Fahn S, Fung VS, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013; 28(7): 863–73. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25475
- 18Banks JL, Marotta CA. Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review and synthesis. Stroke. 2007; 38: 1091–6. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000258355.23810.c6
- 19Dhar D, Holla VV, Kamble N, Yadav R, Srinivas D, Pal PK. Surgical Outcomes in Rare Movement Disorders: A Report of Seventeen Patients from India and Review of Literature. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2022 Jun 20; 12: 22. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.693
- 20Starosta-Rubinstein S, Young AB, Kluin K, Hill G, Aisen AM, Gabrielsen T, et al. Clinical assessment of 31 patients with Wilson’s disease. Correlations with structural changes on magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol. 1987; 44: 365–70. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520160007005
- 21Machado A, Chien HF, Deguti MM, Cançado E, Azevedo RS, Scaff M, et al. Neurological manifestations in Wilson’s disease: Report of 119 cases. Mov Disord. 2006; 21: 2192–6. DOI: 10.1002/mds.21170
- 22Kalita J, Kumar V, Misra UK, Kumar S. Movement Disorder in Wilson Disease: Correlation with MRI and Biomarkers of Cell Injury. J Mol Neurosci. 2021; 71: 338–46. DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01654-0
- 23Samanci B, Sahin E, Bilgic B, Tufekcioglu Z, Gurvit H, Emre M, et al. Neurological features and outcomes of Wilson’s disease: a single-center experience. Neurol Sci. 2021; 42: 3829–3834. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-05013-0
- 24Walshe JM, Yealland M. Wilson’s disease: the problem of delayed diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992; 55: 692–6. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.8.692
- 25Taly AB, Meenakshi-Sundaram S, Sinha S, Swamy HS, Arunodaya GR. Wilson disease: description of 282 patients evaluated over 3 decades. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007 Mar; 86(2): 112–121. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e318045a00e
- 26Sinha S, Taly AB, Ravishankar S, Prashanth LK, Venugopal KS, Arunodaya GR, et al. Wilson’s disease: cranial MRI observations and clinical correlation. Neuroradiology. 2006; 48: 613–21. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-006-0101-4
- 27Svetel M, Kozić D, Stefanova E, Semnic R, Dragasevic N, Kostic VS. Dystonia in Wilson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2001; 16: 719–23. DOI: 10.1002/mds.1118
- 28Linn FH, Houwen RH, van Hattum J, van der Kleij S, van Erpecum KJ. Long-term exclusive zinc monotherapy in symptomatic Wilson disease: experience in 17 patients. Hepatology. 2009 Nov; 50(5): 1442–52. DOI: 10.1002/hep.23182
- 29Stanković I, Jovanović Č, Vitković J, Svetel M, Pekmezović T, Tomić A, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with neurological form of Wilson’s disease compliant to the de-coppering treatment. J Neurol. 2023 Jul; 270(7): 3492–3498. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11681-7