Figure 1
Flow Diagram for Identification of Relevant Studies. Reasons for exclusion: *studies not related to search topic, non-human (i.e. animal) studies, study language other than English, German, or French, or no new data presented (editorials, reviews etc.). **duplicate publication.
Table 1
Characteristics of vitamin D prevalence studies in patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders.
| Authors | Subjects (n) | Study design | Serum 25(OH)D, mean (SD) | Prevalence of deficiency | Correlated with | Compared to Co |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chel et al. [9] | HD inst.(28) | survey | 33 ± 15 ng/mL | 89% | walking disability | n.a. |
| Wali et al. [15] | RLS (78), Co (123) | case control study | 12.65 ng/mL | 76% | lower levels, higher deficiency prevalence | |
| Balaban et al. [16] | f. RLS(36), f. Co (38) | cross sectional study | 7.31 ± 4.63 ng/mL | 83% | disease severity | lower levels, higher deficiency prevalence |
| Calarge et al. [27] | ET (1) | Case report | n.a. | disease severity | n.a. | |
| Kato et at. [32] | Dys (1) | Case report | n.a. | n.a. | ||
| Gardiol et al. [37] | Myo (1) | Case report | n.a. | n.a. |
[i] HD: Huntington’s disease, RLS: Restless legs syndrom, ET: Essential Tremor, Dys: Dystonia, Myo: Myoclonus, Co: control subjects.
inst.: institutionalized; f.: female.
Table 2
Characteristics of vitamin D supplementation studies in patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders.
| HKMDs | Author (year) | Subjects (n) | Study design | Period | Dose | Severity | Other effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RLS | Wali et al. (2015) [20] | def. pts (12) | open label | 12 w | 28,000 IU p.o./w or 200,000 IU i.m./m | improvement | vitamin D serum level correction |
| Wali et al. (2019) [21] | all pts (22) | RCT | 12 w | 50,000 IU p.o./w | no improvement | ||
| Tutuncu et al. (2020) [22] | def. pts* (19) | SCCS | 8 w | 50,000 IU p.o./w | improvement | vitamin D serum level increase | |
| Tics | Gemawat et al. (2017) [29] | all pts (34) | RCT | 24 w | n. s. | improvement | |
| L-dopa-induced dyskinesia** | Habibi et al. (2018) [36] | all pts (120) | RCT | 12 w | 1000 IU p.o./d | no improvement |
[i] RCT: randomized controlled trial; SCCS: prospective self-controlled case study; n.s.: not specified; p.o.: per os; i.m.: intra muscular;/d: daily;/w: weekly;/m: monthly.
def. pts.: Vitamin D deficient patients.