Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Eye-Closure Rate Modulation in Blepharospasm Cover

Eye-Closure Rate Modulation in Blepharospasm

Open Access
|Aug 2023

References

  1. 1Defazio G, Livrea P. Primary blepharospasm: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 2004; 64(3): 23744. DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200464030-00002
  2. 2Defazio G, Brancati F, Valente EM, Caputo V, Pizzuti A, Martino D, et al. Familial blepharospasm is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and relates to a novel unassigned gene. Mov Disord. 2003; 18(2): 20712. DOI: 10.1002/mds.10314
  3. 3Richard MJ, Woodward DJ, McCoy AN, Woodward JA. Effect of reading on surface electromyogram recordings in patients with blepharospasm. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009; 25(5): 37881. DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3181b0d630
  4. 4Bentivoglio AR, Bressman SB, Cassetta E, Carretta D, Tonali P, Albanese A. Analysis of blink rate patterns in normal subjects. Mov Disord. 1997; 12(6): 102834. DOI: 10.1002/mds.870120629
  5. 5Ferrazzano G, Conte A, Belvisi D, Fabbrini A, Baione V, Berardelli A, et al. Writing, reading, and speaking in blepharospasm. J Neurol. 2019; 266(5): 113640. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09243-x
  6. 6Bentivoglio AR, Daniele A, Albanese A, Tonali PA, Fasano A. Analysis of blink rate in patients with blepharospasm. Mov Disord. 2006; 21(8): 12259. DOI: 10.1002/mds.20889
  7. 7Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Berardelli A. Development and validation of a clinical guideline for diagnosing blepharospasm. Neurology. 2013; 81(3): 23640. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829bfdf6
  8. 8Colosimo C, Bologna M, Berardelli A. How Do I Examine Blepharospasm? Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015; 2(4): 449. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12291
  9. 9Defazio G, Jinnah HA, Berardelli A, Perlmutter JS, Berkmen GK, Berman BD, et al. Diagnostic criteria for blepharospasm: A multicenter international study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021; 91: 10914. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.004
  10. 10Marsden CD. The problem of adult-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia and other isolated dyskinesias in adult life (including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, dystonic writer’s cramp, and torticollis, or axial dystonia). Adv Neurol. 1976; 14: 25976.
  11. 11Pandey S, Soni G, Sarma N. Sensory tricks in primary blepharospasm and idiopathic cervical dystonia. Neurol India. 2017; 65(3): 5326. DOI: 10.4103/neuroindia.NI_864_16
  12. 12Hallett M. Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders – Clinical presentations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016; 22(Suppl 1): S14952. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.036
  13. 13Espay AJ, Aybek S, Carson A, Edwards MJ, Goldstein LH, Hallett M, et al. Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders. JAMA Neurol. 2018; 75(9): 113241. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1264
  14. 14Berlot R, Rothwell JC, Bhatia KP, Kojovic M. Variability of Movement Disorders: The Influence of Sensation, Action, Cognition, and Emotions. Mov Disord. 2021; 36(3): 58193. DOI: 10.1002/mds.28415
  15. 15Hallett M, Aybek S, Dworetzky BA, McWhirter L, Staab JP, Stone J. Functional neurological disorder: new subtypes and shared mechanisms. Lancet Neurol. 2022; 21(6): 53750. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00422-1
  16. 16Ranti C, Jones W, Klin A, Shultz S. Blink Rate Patterns Provide a Reliable Measure of Individual Engagement with Scene Content. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 8267. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64999-x
  17. 17Kimmich O, Bradley D, Whelan R, Mulrooney N, Reilly RB, Hutchinson S, et al. Sporadic adult onset primary torsion dystonia is a genetic disorder by the temporal discrimination test. Brain. 2011; 134(Pt 9): 265663. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr194
  18. 18Jang J, Lew H. Blink index as a response predictor of blepharospasm to botulinum neurotoxin-A treatment. Brain Behav. 2021; 11(11): e2374. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2374
  19. 19Conte A, Ferrazzano G, Defazio G, Fabbrini G, Hallett M, Berardelli A. Increased Blinking May Be a Precursor of Blepharospasm: A Longitudinal Study. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017; 4(5): 7336. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12499
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.748 | Journal eISSN: 2160-8288
Language: English
Submitted on: Jan 6, 2023
Accepted on: Aug 10, 2023
Published on: Aug 24, 2023
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2023 Panagiotis Kassavetis, Ejaz A. Shamim, Kranz Gottfried, Mark Hallett, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.