Table 1
Patient demographics and video characteristics.
| Mean Age ± SD | 35 ± 17.68 |
| Sex | 11 Male, 9 Female |
| Mean video duration ± SD | 91 sec ± 67.98 |
| Diagnoses (n)* | FMD [6], cerebral palsy [3], PD [2], static encephalopathy [2], Tourette syndrome [2], Angelman’s syndrome [1], episodic ataxia [1], eyelid myokymia [1], PSP [1], tardive dyskinesia [1], undiagnosed familial dystonia and chorea [1] |
| Organic phenomenology (n)** | stereotypy [5], dysarthria [2], parkinsonian gait [2], rest tremor [2], tics [2], ataxia [1], blepharospasm [1], bradykinesia [1], camptocormia [1], chorea [1], generalized dystonia [1], myokymia [1], myoclonus [1], oro-mandibular dystonia [1], palilalia [1] |
| Phenomenology in functional patients (n)** | tremor [2], truncal titubation [2], astasia abasia [1], camptocormia [1], hemifacial spasm [1] |
[i] * 1 patient carried dual diagnoses cerebral palsy and episodic ataxia.
** Multiple phenomenologies were seen per patient.
Abbreviations: FMD = functional movement disorder, PD = Parkinson’s disease, PSP = progressive supranuclear palsy, SD = standard deviation.
Video 1
Functional patient with paroxysmal gait changes. This video shows a 34-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of episodic weakness of the arms and legs who was diagnosed with functional neurological disorder. The clinic video shows give-way weakness and a normal gait. The home video shows that patient during an episode where she has camptocormia and a shuffling gait.
Video 2
Tourette patient with tics not seen in clinic. This video shows a 9 year-old-girl who presented for management of Tourette syndrome and troublesome shoulder rolling tics. No tics are seen on clinic video even when the fellow videographer vacates the studio. The home and car video shows the patient in severe discomfort and pain associated with dystonic, shoulder rolling tics and other tics.
Table 2
Patient home video quality and frequency of interfering factors in each quality group as determined by physician ratings.
| OVERALL VIDEO QUALITY | PHENOMENOLOGY CORRECTLY IDENTIFIED/n | ODDS RATIO (CI) | p | ATTRIBUTES INTERFERING WITH VIDEO INTERPRETATION | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRAMING ISSUES | NOISE INTERFERENCE | OBSTRUCTED VIEW | IMAGE QUALITY | SHORT LENGTH | LIGHTING ISSUES | VIDEO STABILITY | SOUND QUALITY | VIDEO FOCUS | ||||
| Poor | 4/20 | 0.07 [0.01–0.72] | <0.05 | 45% | 35% | 20% | 60% | 20% | 65% | 50% | 15% | 55% |
| Fair | 17/30 | 0.26 [0.03–2.52] | 0.25 | 60% | 3% | 3% | 13% | 20% | 27% | 30% | 7% | 20% |
| Good | 31/37 | 1.03 [0.10–10.50] | 0.97 | 24% | 3% | 11% | 3% | 19% | 24% | 11% | – | 19% |
| Excellent | 5/6 | – | – | – | 33% | – | – | – | – | 83% | – | – |
[i] The table shows how often raters identified the phenomenology correctly in patient home videos in four film quality categories as determined by the rater. The odds ratios of the “poor”, “fair”, and “good” group are compared to the “excellent” group. The attributes that were determined to interfere with interpretation of the home videos are listed by the frequency in which they appear in each quality group.
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, “–” denotes an absent value.
Table 3
Attributes interfering with video interpretation.
| VIDEO ATTRIBUTE | n | PHENOMENOLOGY ACCURACY | ACCURACY OF VIDEOS WITHOUT INTERFERING ATTRIBUTE | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vertical orientation | 56 | 68% | 51% | 0.13 |
| Framing issue | 37 | 62% | 63% | 0.97 |
| Noise interference | 9 | 33% | 66% | 0.08 |
| Obstructed view | 9 | 56% | 63% | 0.72 |
| Image quality | 17 | 35% | 68% | 0.01 |
| Short length | 19 | 58% | 64% | 0.65 |
| Lighting issue | 30 | 60% | 63% | 0.75 |
| Video stability | 23 | 48% | 67% | 0.10 |
| Sound Quality | 5 | 20% | 65% | 0.06 |
| Video focus | 24 | 54% | 65% | 0.33 |
| None | 20 | 65% | 61% | 0.78 |
[i] Video attributes that interfered video interpretation are listed along with how often they were identified, and the accuracy of the phenomenology identified in the video when those attributes were present. This was compared to the phenomenology of videos where that attribute was missing to determine whether there was a significant difference. Phenomenology was significantly lower in videos with poor image quality. No other significant difference was noted.
Table 4
Recommendations for optimal home video recordings.
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