Table 1
Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and controls.
| N (%) | PD N = 38 (54,28%) | ET N = 11(15,72%) | HC N = 21(30%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age | 60.4 | 66.5 | 59.1 |
| Male (%) | 23 (62.5%) | 7 (63.6%) | 6 (28.6%) |
| Female (%) | 15 (37.5%) | 4 (36.4%) | 15 (71.4%) |
| Mean disease duration (in years) | 8.5 | 15.1 | – |
| First-degree family history of tremor, dementia or parkinsonism | 7 (18.42%) | 4 (36.4%) | 4 (19.0%) |
[i] HC: Healthy Controls, ET: Essential Tremor, PD: Parkinson Disease, N: numbers.
Figure 1
Axial Mecho 3T MRI, 51-year-old male with Parkinson Disease and 5 years of disease. Bilateral Absence of N1 (arrows).
Figure 2
Axial Mecho o 3T, 63-year-old female with essential tremor and 26 years of disease. Bilateral presence of N1 (arrows).
Figure 3
Axial Mecho 3T, 43-year-old female without neurological disease (healthy control). Bilateral presence of N1 (arrows).
Table 2
Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the Nigrosome 1 sign in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Healthy Controls (HC) and Essential Tremor (ET).
C.I: Confidence Interval, HC: Healthy Controls, ET: Essential Tremor, PD: Parkinson Disease, N: numbers, OR: odds ratio.
| PD × HC | PD × ET | ET × HC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (95% C.I) | 100% | 82% (75%-89%) | 18% (11%-25%) |
| Specificity (95% C.I) | 95% (93%–97%) | 100% | 95% (93–97%) |
| PPV (95% C.I) | 97% (97%–98%) | 100% | 67% (36–97%) |
| NPV (95% C.I) | 100% | 95% (94%-96%) | 69% (66–72%) |
| Accuracy (95% C.I) | 98% (98%-99%) | 96% (95%-97%) | 69% (66–72% |
| Chi Square | p ≤ 0.001 | p = 0.047 | p ≤ 0.001 |
| OR | 39.00 | 5.22 | 9.09 |