Video 1
Patient with severe blepharospasm before DBS.
Figure 1
Proton density weighted images obtained on a 3-Tesla MRI demonstrates the anatomical target on the left (arrowhead) and right (arrow) corresponding to Talairach coordinates of (–21, 4.5, 0) and (21.25, 4.75, 0) respectively.
Figure 2
An intraoperative CT scan, taken immediately after bilateral lead placement, is merged with the preoperative MRI to assess stereotactic error and to visualize the contact location relative to the surrounding anatomy. Visible in this figure are contact 2 on the left (i.e., third contact from the bottom, arrowhead) and contact 9 on the right (i.e., second contact from the bottom, arrow). Contact 2 is centered at (–20.86, 4.04, –1.25), representing a radial error of 0.2 mm off of the surgical plan. Contact 9 is centered at coordinates (21, 4.25, –0.57), representing a radial error of 0.3 mm off of the surgical plan. Both contacts are positioned medial to the border between the globus pallidus interna and the globus pallidus externa.
Video 2
One and a half months post-DBS with stimulator ON. Blepharospasm is markedly improved.
Video 3
One and a half months post-DBS with stimulator OFF. There was prompt return of eyelid spasms on switching the stimulator OFF.
Video 4
Two and a half years post-DBS with stimulator ON. There was sustained marked improvement of blepharospasm.