Table 1
Clinical Aides to Diagnose PKD
| Onset between 1 and 20 years unless there is a family history of PKD |
| Suddenly occurring and short-lived (less than a minute) dyskinesias |
| High frequency of up to hundred times a day |
| Triggered by movement or being startled |
| Combinations of dystonia, chorea, ballism, and athetosis are possible |
| Painless with preserved level of consciousness |
| Excellent response to low dosages of carbamazepine or phenytoin |
| Normal interictal neurological examination and no other organic cause |
[i] Adapted and summarized from Ebrahimi-Fakhari et al.3
Abbreviation: PKD, Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia.