Table 1
A review of adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
| Reference | Country | Age/sex | Duration of illness | Clinical presentation | Myoclonus | EEG | Neuroimaging | Treatment | Outcome | Basis of diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reyes et al 20194 | Trinidad and Tobago, (West Indies) | 62/F | six months | Rapidly progressive dementias | Present | Intermittent slow delta wave activity | Asymmetric multiple T2 hyperintensities | Interferon and isoprinosine | Mild improvement | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Gokoglu and Gozdas 20195 | Turkey | 62/F | 3 years | Behavioural changes and deterioration of mental status | Absent | Diffuse background slowing | Subcortical and periventricular deep white matter signal changes | Amantadine 300/day | Some improvement | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Elmali et al. 20186 | Turkey | 61/F | 2 years | Behavioural, cognitive changes and seizures | Subtle | Periodic generalized complexes | Old cerebral, thalamic and brainstem infarcts | Symptomatic | Not available | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Tanaka et al. 19877 | Japan | 52/M | 4 years | Rapidly progressive mental deterioration | Present | Periodic discharges | Not available | Not available | Died | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre. Brain-biopsy: neuronal loss, glial proliferation, and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing. Numerous intranuclear inclusions nucleocapsids of paramyxovirus |
| Studart Neto et al. 20158 | Brazil | 50/M | 8 years | Behavioural changes and deterioration of mental status | Absent | Diffuse background slowing | Hyperintense lesions involving subcortical, deep hemispheric, and pontine white matter | Not available | After 15 months, the patient was in a vegetative state | Brain biopsy staining for measles was positive in neuronal, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte and lymphocyte |
| Gagnon and Bouchard 20039 | Canada | 49/M | 2 years | Behavioural changes and progressive cognitive impairment | Present | Periodic sharp and slow-wave discharges | Hyperintensities in both periventricular and subcortical white matter | High-dose intrathecal interferon alfa and oral isoprinosine for 6 weeks | Continuous deterioration | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Croxson et al. 200210 | Australia | 43/M | 3 years | Vision loss and cognitive decline | Irregular delta activity | White-matter changes and focal tissue loss in the medial occipital lobes and inferior left parietal lobe | Corticosteroids | Died | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre. Brain biopsy Measles virus RNA found in brain, spinal cord and eye | |
| Dubois et al 200511 | Belgium | 42/F | 4 years | Severe cognitive deficit, ataxia and spasticity | Absent | Diffuse slowing | Multiple confluent periventricular hyperintensities | Not available | Not available | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Baillif et al. 201212 | France | 39 M | 3 years | Chorioretinitis 3 years before behavioural changes and deterioration of mental status | Absent | Nonspecific generalized slowing | Parieto-occipital signal changes | Isoprinosine, Interferon Alpha, and ribavirin | Rapid progression to death in 3 months | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Frings et al. 200213 | Germany | 39/F | 3 years | Progressive cognitive impairment | Absent | Normal | Progressive generalized cerebral atrophy | Not available | Not available | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
| Jeevagan and Dissanayake 201714 | Sri Lanka | 36/M | 2 years | Chorioretinitis 2 years before behavioural changes and deterioration of mental status | Absent | Generalised intermittent slowing | T2 hyperintensities in periventricular region predominantly affecting the occipitoparietal lobes | Short course of oral corticosteroids | No improvement | Elevated CSF antimeasles antibody titre |
[i] Based upon a PubMed search and review of all cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis where the age of onset was greater than 35years.