Table 1
Characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease Subjects with Motor Fluctuations and Medication Refractory Tremor
| Baseline Variables | PD Subjects (n = 137) | Motor Fluctuations (n = 106) | Medication Refractory Tremor (n = 31) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 95 (69.3) | 66 (62.3) | 29 (93.5) | 0.001 |
| Years of education, median (IQ range) | 14 (12–18) (n = 135) | 16 (13–18) (n = 105) | 14 (12–16) (n = 30) | 0.09 |
| Age of onset, years (SD) | 53.2 (8.4) | 52.2 (8.0) | 56.7 (8.9) | 0.007 |
| Age at evaluation, years (SD) | 63.1 (7.8) | 62.8 (7.4) | 65.0 (8.4) | 0.17 |
| Duration of disease, years (SD) | 10.1 (4.6) | 10.7 (4.8) | 8.3 (3.6) | 0.01 |
| UPDRS Part 1 score, median (I.Q. range) | 2 (1.4) (n = 137) | 2 (1.4) (n = 106) | 2 (1.3) (n = 31) | 0.53 |
| UPDRS Part 2 score, mean (SD) | 14.6 (6.5) (n = 137) | 15.0 (6.6) (n = 106) | 13.3 (6.0) (n = 31) | 0.19 |
| UPDRS Part 3 score (off), mean (SD) | 36.0 (11.2) (n = 122) | 36.6 (10.8) (n = 94) | 34.0 (12.4) (n = 28) | 0.28 |
| MoCA score, median (IQ range) | 25 (23–27) (n = 95) | 26 (23–27) (n = 72) | 25 (23–26) (n = 23) | 0.68 |
| BDI-II, median (IQ range) | 9 (5–14) (n = 101) | 9 (6–15) (n = 77) | 6.5 (3.5–12) (n = 24) | 0.07 |
| PDQ-39, mean (SD) | 52.7 (22.0) (n = 111) | 53.8 (22.2) (n = 88) | 48.6 (20.9) (n = 23) | 0.31 |
| Trail making Test A, mean (SD) | 42.5 (10.3) (n = 127) | 42.4 (10.4) (n = 99) | 42.7 (9.9) (n = 28) | 0.90 |
| Trail making Test B, mean (SD) | 42.8 (11.3) (n = 125) | 42.4 (11.7) (n = 98) | 44.1 (9.6) (n = 27) | 0.48 |
| COWA, mean (SD) | 44.9 (11.2) (n = 84) | 46.2 (11.1) (n = 65) | 40.5 (10.6) (n = 19) | 0.052 |
| Semantic fluency, mean (SD) | 46.5 (10.1) (n = 92) | 47.0 (10.0) (n = 68) | 44.9 (10.6) (n = 24) | 0.38 |
[i] Abbreviations: BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; I.Q., Interquartile Range; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PDQ-39, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39; SD, Standard Deviation; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).
Table 2
Characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease Subjects by Gender
| Baseline Variables | PD Subjects (n = 137) | Men(n = 95) | Women(n = 42) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years of education, median (IQ range) | 14 (12–18) (n = 135) | 16 (13–18) (n = 105) | 14 (12–16) (n = 30) | 0.09 |
| Age of onset, years (SD) | 53.2 (8.3) | 53.5 (8.8) | 52.5 (7.3) | 0.55 |
| Age at evaluation, years (SD) | 63.3 (7.6) | 63.3 (7.5) | 63.3 (7.9) | 0.97 |
| Duration of disease, years (SD) | 10.1 (4.6) | 9.8 (5.0) | 10.7 (3.8) | 0.31 |
| UPDRS Part 1 score, median (I.Q. range) | 2 (1.4) (n = 137) | 2 (1.4) (n = 95) | 2 (1.4) (n = 42) | 0.61 |
| UPDRS Part 2 score, mean (SD) | 14.6 (6.5) (n = 137) | 15.1 (6.4) (n = 95) | 13.6 (6.6) (n = 31) | 0.24 |
| UPDRS Part 3 score (off), mean (SD) | 36.0 (11.2) (n = 122) | 36.1 (10.6) (n = 85) | 35.9 (12.5) (n = 37) | 0.94 |
| MoCA score, median (IQ range) | 25 (23–27) (n = 95) | 25 (23–27) (n = 69) | 25.5 (23–27) (n = 26) | 0.73 |
| BDI-II, median (IQ range) | 9 (5–14) (n = 101) | 9 (4–13) (n = 69) | 9.5 (7–18.5) (n = 32) | 0.09 |
| PDQ-39, mean (SD) | 52.7 (22.0) (n = 111) | 49.2 (22.4) (N = 78) | 61.2 (18.5) (n = 33) | 0.008 |
| Trail making Test A , mean (SD) | 42.5 (10.3) (n = 127) | 42.3 (10.3) (n = 87) | 43.0 (10.4) (n = 40) | 0.74 |
| Trail making Test B, mean (SD) | 42.8 (11.3) (n = 125) | 43.2 (10.7) (n = 86) | 41.7 (12.5) (n = 39) | 0.49 |
| COWA, mean (SD) | 44.9 (11.2) (n = 84) | 44.1 (11.1) (n = 60) | 46.9 (11.3) (n = 24) | 0.30 |
| Semantic fluency, mean (SD) | 46.5 (10.1) (n = 92) | 46.4 (10.4) (n = 68) | 46.5 (9.7) (n = 24) | 0.98 |
[i] Abbreviations: BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; I.Q., Interquartile Range; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PDQ-39, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39; SD, Standard Deviation; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).