Table 1
Cases Reporting Overuse Cervical Dystonia
| Reference | Age at Onset and Gender | Task/Provoking Factor | Affected Muscles | Response to Botulinum Toxin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wright and Ahlskog9 | 39 male | Chronic overuse of sledgehammer | Trapezius | Substantial benefit to pain and shoulder elevation |
| Wright and Ahlskog9 | 35 male | Chronic heavy lifting | Trapezius | Not administered |
| Schramm, et al.6 | 35 male | Bilateral traumatic arm amputation at the age of 15. Writing and drawing, using tools held in his mouth. | Left sternocleidomastoid Right splenius capitis Left splenius capitis (antagonistic) | Injections of botulinum toxin into several cervical muscles up to a dose of 300 units botulinum toxin led to only a mild improvement. |
| Current case | 37 male | Repetitive typing, data entry, and cradling a phone to the right ear | Right levator scapulae Right trapezius Right splenius capitis | Multiple rounds of botulinum toxin injections failed to relieve neck spasms |