Elucidating the Nature and Mechanism of Tic Improvement in Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study

David R. Shprecher; Keenan Gannon; Nivedita Agarwal; Xianfeng Shi; Jeffrey S. Anderson

doi:10.5334/tohm.190

Figures & Tables

Flowchart showing data recruitment and analysis.
From 80 subjects with prior YGTSS scores, 10 were imaged, with 9 TS subjects and 10 matched control subjects showing images with acceptable image quality.

Table 1

Subject Age and Comorbidity Data

Subject	Age	Medications	childhood OCD	Y-BOCS	ADHD diagnosis	Conners total	Conners inattentive	Conners Hyperactive
1	21		no	17	yes	82	82	69
2	21	fluoxetine, dextroamphetamine, zolpidem	yes	27	yes	82	82	69
3	20		yes	18	no	71	66	66
4	24	atomoxetine	yes	0	yes	63	59	61
5	19		yes	20	yes	78	82	64
6	28		no	0	no	71	59	74
7	32		yes	0	yes	89	82	81
8	27	Nortryptiline	no	0	yes	78	77	69
9	20		no	0	yes	46	46	46
10	23		no	0	yes	44	46	44

[i] Abbreviations: ADHD, Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; OCD, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder; Y-BOCS, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale taken at the time of MRI.

Table 2

Subject Baseline and Follow-up Tic Severity

Subject	YGTSS1 motor	YGTSS1 vocal	YGTSS1 total tic	YGTSS1 tic impairment	YGTSS1 total	YGTSS2 motor	YGTSS2 vocal	YGTSS2 total tic	YGTSS2 tic impairment	YGTSS2 total
1	21	21	42	30	72	23	13	36	20	56
2	21	14	35	30	65	11	14	25	30	55
3	18	9	27	20	47	12	9	21	20	41
4	12	11	23	20	43	4	0	4	10	14
5	18	10	28	30	58	17	6	23	10	33
6	13	11	24	10	34	20	13	33	25	58
7	12	10	22	20	42	15	12	27	5	32
8	20	22	42	40	82	13	10	23	20	43
9	13	17	30	30	60	7	6	13	0	13
10	12	8	20	10	30	7	3	10	10	20

[i] Abbreviations: YGTSS1, Baseline Yale Brown Global Tourette Syndrome Scale; YGTSS2, Follow-up YGTSS scores at the time of MRI.

Difference in Fisher-transformed Correlation between Samples (Control – TS) for each Pair of 116 regions in the AAL brain atlas.
The blue square in the middle shows significantly higher correlation for TS subjects (p = 0.016) averaging correlation for all connections between occipital lobe regions (ROIs 43–56).

Differences in Correlation as a Function of Strength of Functional “Connection.”
Scatter plot shows difference in correlation (Control – TS) as a function of mean correlation for the connection over all 20 participants.

Differences in Correlation as a Function of Distance of Functional “Connection.”
Scatter plot shows difference in correlation (Control – TS) as a function of distance between the centroids of the ROIs for each functional “connection.”

Elucidating the Nature and Mechanism of Tic Improvement in Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Flowchart showing data recruitment and analysis.

Table 1

Subject Age and Comorbidity Data

Table 2

Subject Baseline and Follow-up Tic Severity

Figure 2

Difference in Fisher-transformed Correlation between Samples (Control – TS) for each Pair of 116 regions in the AAL brain atlas.

Figure 3

Differences in Correlation as a Function of Strength of Functional “Connection.”

Figure 4

Differences in Correlation as a Function of Distance of Functional “Connection.”

Paradigm

My account

Subject	YGTSS1 motor	YGTSS1 vocal	YGTSS1 total tic	YGTSS1 tic impairment	YGTSS1 total	YGTSS2 motor	YGTSS2 vocal	YGTSS2 total tic	YGTSS2 tic impairment	YGTSS2 total
1	21	21	42	30	72	23	13	36	20	56
2	21	14	35	30	65	11	14	25	30	55
3	18	9	27	20	47	12	9	21	20	41
4	12	11	23	20	43	4	0	4	10	14
5	18	10	28	30	58	17	6	23	10	33
6	13	11	24	10	34	20	13	33	25	58
7	12	10	22	20	42	15	12	27	5	32
8	20	22	42	40	82	13	10	23	20	43
9	13	17	30	30	60	7	6	13	0	13
10	12	8	20	10	30	7	3	10	10	20

Subject	YGTSS1 motor	YGTSS1 vocal	YGTSS1 total tic	YGTSS1 tic impairment	YGTSS1 total	YGTSS2 motor	YGTSS2 vocal	YGTSS2 total tic	YGTSS2 tic impairment	YGTSS2 total
1	21	21	42	30	72	23	13	36	20	56
2	21	14	35	30	65	11	14	25	30	55
3	18	9	27	20	47	12	9	21	20	41
4	12	11	23	20	43	4	0	4	10	14
5	18	10	28	30	58	17	6	23	10	33
6	13	11	24	10	34	20	13	33	25	58
7	12	10	22	20	42	15	12	27	5	32
8	20	22	42	40	82	13	10	23	20	43
9	13	17	30	30	60	7	6	13	0	13
10	12	8	20	10	30	7	3	10	10	20

Subject	YGTSS1 motor	YGTSS1 vocal	YGTSS1 total tic	YGTSS1 tic impairment	YGTSS1 total	YGTSS2 motor	YGTSS2 vocal	YGTSS2 total tic	YGTSS2 tic impairment	YGTSS2 total
1	21	21	42	30	72	23	13	36	20	56
2	21	14	35	30	65	11	14	25	30	55
3	18	9	27	20	47	12	9	21	20	41
4	12	11	23	20	43	4	0	4	10	14
5	18	10	28	30	58	17	6	23	10	33
6	13	11	24	10	34	20	13	33	25	58
7	12	10	22	20	42	15	12	27	5	32
8	20	22	42	40	82	13	10	23	20	43
9	13	17	30	30	60	7	6	13	0	13
10	12	8	20	10	30	7	3	10	10	20