Change in Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor Patients: A One-year Follow-up Study

Maurizio Giorelli; Junia Bagnoli; Luigi Consiglio; Pasquale Difazio; Daniela Zizza; Giovanni Bosco Zimatore

doi:10.5334/tohm.189

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Group Comparison of Patients Demographics, UPDRS, and NMS Characteristics at Follow-up

	Parkinson's Disease			Essential Tremor			PD vs ET at Follow-up
	Baseline n = 31 (%)	Follow-up n = 31 (%)	p Value	Baseline n = 22 (%)	Follow-up n = 21 (%)	p Value	p Value
Age	69.1±8.2	70.2±6.8	0.5	67.6±9.1	68.6±7.1	0.7	0.4
Men	22 (71)	22 (71)	1.0	12 (54)	11 (52)	1.0	1.0
UPDRS-III	27.0±12	16.5±8	0.0001	4.7±3	3.4±2	0.1	<0.0001
H & Y	≤2	≤2	-	-	-	-	-
Tremor	22 (71)	22 (71)	1.0	22 (100)	21 (100)	1.0	0.007
Dopaminergic therapy	8 (26)	31 (100)	<0.0001	1 (4)	0 (0)	1.0	<0.0001
Total LEDD (mg/day)	NA	412±76	-	0	0	-	-
l-dopa	8 (26)	25 (81)	<0.0001	1 (4)	0 (0)	1.0	<0.0001
NMS	10.4±4.9	10.2±6.9	0.1	8.4±3.3	5±2.9	0.0009	0.002

[i] Abbreviations: ET, Essential Tremor; H & Y: Hoehn & Yahr score; LEDD, l-dopa-equivalent Daily Dosage; NA, Not Available; NMS, Non-motor Symptoms; PD, Parkinson's Disease; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.

[ii] Numbers in brackets indicate the percentage of patients in that subgroup. Significant p values are shown in bold.

Percentage of Changes in the Declaration of Specific Non-motor Symptoms in both Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients at Follow-up.
Columns represent the percentage variation in the number of declared non-motor symptoms at follow-up with respect to baseline (intended as 100% the global number of either Parkinson's disease or essential tremor patients).

Table 2

Frequency of Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients at Follow-up

	Parkinson's Disease					Essential Tremor					PD vs ET at Follow- up
NMS	Baseline		Follow-up		p Value	Baseline		Follow-up		p Value	p Value
NMS	n = 31	%	n = 31	%	p Value	n = 22	%	n = 21	%	p Value	p Value
Drooling	9/31	29	5/31	16.1	0.4	1/22	4.5	1/21	4.7	1.0	0.4
Taste/smell	10/31	32.2	14/31	45.2	0.4	1/22	4.5	2/21	9.5	0.6	0.007***
Swallowing	6/31	19.3	7/31	22.6	1.0	4/22	18.1	2/21	9.5	0.6	0.3
Nausea/vomiting	0/31	0	6/31	19.3	0.02	4/22	18.1	2/21	9.5	0.6	0.4
Constipation	6/31	19.3	8/31	25.8	0.8	4/22	18.1	2/21	9.5	0.6	0.2
Bowel incontinence	3/31	10	5/31	16.1	0.7	3/22	13.6	1/21	4.7	0.6	0.7
Incomplete bowel emptying	6/31	9.6	8/31	25.8	0.7	4/22	18.1	2/21	9.5	0.6	0.2
Urgency	17/31	54.8	18/31	58	1.0	12/22	54.5	8/21	38.0	0.4	0.3
Nocturia	19/31	61.2	9/31	29	0.02	11/22	50	7/21	33.3	0.3	0.8
Pains	11/31	35.4	3/31	9.6	0.03	9/22	41	4/21	19.0	0.2	0.4
Weight	13/31	42	24/31	77.4	0.009	9/22	41	4/21	19.0	0.2	<0.0001^**
Forgetfulness, memory	15/31	48.3	16/31	51.6	1.0	11/22	50	6/21	28.5	0.2	0.2
Loss of interest	19/31	61.2	19/31	61.2	1.0	13/22	59	5/21	23.8	0.03	0.01**
Hallucinations	6/31	19.3	7/31	19.3	1.0	0/22	0	0/21	0	1.0	0.03^****
Concentrating	16/31	51.6	15/31	48.4	1.0	5/22	22.7	6/21	28.5	0.7	0.3
Sad, blues	16/31	51.6	6/31	19.3	0.01	11/22	50	5/21	23.8	0.1	1.0
Anxiety	20/31	64.5	22/31	70.1	0.8	15/22	68.1	5/21	23.8	0.006	0.001^****
Sex drive	16/31	51.6	15/31	48.4	1.0	11/22	50	8/21	38.0	0.5	0.1
Sex difficulty	9/31	29	9/31	29	1.2	8/22	36.3	7/21	33.3	1.0	0.8
Orthostatic dizziness	21/31	67.7	22/31	70.1	1.0	6/22	27.2	2/21	9.5	0.2	<0.0001^**
Falling	6/31	19.3	9/31	29	0.5	0/22	0	0/21	0	1.0	0.0073***
Daytime sleepiness	3/31	9.6	11/31	35.4	0.03	4/22	18.2	3/21	14.3	1.0	0.1
Insomnia	18/31	58	8/31	25.8	0.02	12/22	50	4/21	19.0	0.02	0.7
Vivid dreams	10/31	32.2	9/31	29	1.0	1/22	4.5	1/21	4.7	1.0	0.036^****
Acting out during dreams	18/31	58	15/31	48.4	0.6	6/22	27.3	3/21	14.3	0.4	0.017****
RLS	9/31	29	2/31	9.6	0.04	8/22	36	4/21	19.0	0.3	0.2
Swelling	7/31	22	7/31	22.5	1.0	5/22	18.1	5/21	23.8	1.0	1.0
Sweating	4/31	12.9	5/31	25.8	0.3	7/22	32	5/21	23.8	0.7	0.5
Diplopia	7/31	22.5	5/31	16.1	0.7	0/22	0	0/21	0	1.0	0.1
Delusions	3/31	9.6	6/31	19.3	0.5	0/22	0	1/21	4.1	0.5	0.2

[i] Abbreviations: ET, Essential Tremor; NMS, Non-motor Symptoms; PD, Parkinson's Disease RLS, restless legs syndrome.

[ii] Fisher's exact test was used for all statistical comparisons.

[iii] Significant values are expressed in bold. *p<0.0001; **p<0.001; ***p<0.01; ****p<0.05.

Change in Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor Patients: A One-year Follow-up Study

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Group Comparison of Patients Demographics, UPDRS, and NMS Characteristics at Follow-up

Figure 1

Percentage of Changes in the Declaration of Specific Non-motor Symptoms in both Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients at Follow-up.

Table 2

Frequency of Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients at Follow-up

Paradigm

My account