Table 1
Demographic and Health Characteristics of the Study Population
| Variable | Number (n = 52) | % |
|---|---|---|
| Male | 29 | 55.8 |
| Mean age (SD) (years) | 68.2 (7.46) | 50–88 |
| Mean education (SD) (years) | 11.7 (4.19) | 0–20 |
| Mean age of onset (SD) (years) | 55.8 (15.1) | |
| Mean duration of illness (SD) (years) | 11.7 (13.59) | |
| WHIGET rating | ||
| Mild kinetic tremor | 12 | 23.1% |
| Obvious kinetic tremor | 31 | 59.6% |
| Large-amplitude kinetic tremor | 9 | 17.3% |
Table 2
Cognitive and Affective Assessment at T1
| Screening Instruments | T1 (n = 52) | |
|---|---|---|
| MMSE mean scores (SD) | 27.3 (1.9) | |
| SLUMS mean scores (SD) | 21.9 (3.9) | |
| MCI by MMSE >24/30; CDR scale score = 0.5 and SLUMS = 21–23/30 | 36 (69.2%) | |
| Neuropsychological instruments | Abnormal | |
| Semantic fluency mean scores (SD) | 12.9 (3.1) | 25% |
| Phonemic fluency mean scores (SD) | 8.9 (4.2) | 63.6% |
| Trail Making Test A mean scores (SD) | 15.8 (5.2) | 19% |
| RAVLT verbal memory mean scores (SD) | ||
| Immediate | 8.8 (2.3) | 33% |
| Delayed | 7.0 (3.2) | 39% |
| Recognition | 11.3 (3.1) | 37% |
| Logical memory—mean scores (SD) | 10.4 (3.0) | 25% |
| Items mean score (SD) (concentration) | 5.6 (1.2) | 44% |
| Percentage with anxiety by SAST | 25% | |
| Percentage with depression by short Zung instrument | 17.9% |
Table 3
Comparison of Subgroups with and without MCI
| Without MCI (n = 16) | With MCI (n = 36) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean MMSE score (SD) | 28.4 (1.6) | 27.2 (1.8) | <0.01 |
| Mean SPMSQ score (SD) | 9.6 (0.6) | 8.9 (0.8) | NS |
| Mean SLUMS score (SD) | 25.1 (3.7) | 20.1 (4.2) | <0.01 |
| Mean Phonemic Fluency (SD) | 10.1 (1.6) | 8.7 (3.3) | <0.05 |
| Listing on Semantic Memory (SD) | 14.3 (2.7) | 12.5 (2.8) | NS |
Table 4
Cognitive Assessment at Follow-up (T2) (n = 24)
| Screening Instruments | Abnormal | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean time to follow-up (months) (SD) | 27.5 (7.5) | |
| MMSE mean scores (SD) | 27.0 (1.9) | 4% |
| SPMSQ mean scores (SD) | 9.2 (1.0) | |
| SLUMS mean scores (SD) | 21.2 (4.0) | 13% |
| CDR Scale score | ||
| Convertors to dementia (n = 4) | ||
| 1 (dementia), MMSE<24/30 and SLUMS≤20/30 | 4/24 (16.8%) | |
| Non-convertors to dementia (n = 20) | ||
| 0.5 (MCI), MMSE≥24/30 and SLUMS = 21–23/30 | 16/20 (80%) | |
| 0 (normal), MMSE≥24/30 and SLUMS≥24/30 | 4/20 (20%) | |
| MCI at T1 and MCI at T2 | 12/16 (75%) | |
| Normal at T1 and MCI at T2 | 4/16 (25%) | |
| Neuropsychological instruments | ||
| Semantic fluency mean scores (SD) | 11.8 (3.6) | 25% |
| Phonemic fluency mean scores (SD) | 8.7 (3.3) | 70% |
| Trail Making Test A mean scores (SD) | 15.5 (6.0) | 21% |
| RAVLT verbal memory mean scores (SD) | ||
| Immediate | 9.5 (2.5) | 18.2% |
| Delayed | 7.3 (3.3) | 38.1% |
| Recognition | 12.3 (2.6) | 38.1% |
| Logical memory mean scores (SD) | 10.3 (2.5) | 21% |
| Item mean score (SD) (concentration) | 5.6 (0.9) | 63.6% |
| Percentage with anxiety by SAST instrument | 26.1% | |
| Percentage with depression by short Zung instrument | 8.6% |
[i] Abbreviations: CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; RAVLT, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Task; SAST, Short Anxiety Screening Test; SD, Standard Deviation; SLUMS, Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination; SPMSQ, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.