Table 1
Demographic characteristics and background information among the studied sample (N = 305).
| CHARACTER | COUNT | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 134 | 43.93 |
| Female | 171 | 56.07 |
| Nationality | ||
| Saudi | 289 | 94.75 |
| Non-Saudi | 16 | 5.25 |
| Level of education | ||
| Bachelor Degree | 285 | 93.75 |
| Master’s Degree | 12 | 3.95 |
| Doctorate | 3 | 0.99 |
| Education Specialist | 4 | 1.32 |
| Teaching specialty | ||
| Mathematics | 59 | 19.34 |
| Science | 75 | 24.59 |
| English language | 42 | 13.77 |
| Arabic language | 39 | 12.79 |
| Physical education | 7 | 2.30 |
| Arts | 2 | 0.66 |
| Computer science | 10 | 3.28 |
| Social studies | 20 | 6.56 |
| Islamic studies | 24 | 7.87 |
| Management science | 9 | 2.95 |
| Life skills | 8 | 2.62 |
| Preschool | 2 | 0.66 |
| Special education | 8 | 2.62 |
| Years of employment as a school teacher | ||
| 0 to 6 | 72 | 23.61 |
| 7 to 12 | 64 | 20.98 |
| 12 to 16 | 43 | 14.10 |
| 17 or more | 126 | 41.31 |
| Size of the district | ||
| 0–100 students | 26 | 8.52 |
| 101–200 students | 42 | 13.77 |
| 201–300 students | 41 | 13.44 |
| More than 300 | 196 | 64.26 |
| Grade levels of working | ||
| Preschool | 14 | 4.59 |
| Elementary | 111 | 36.39 |
| Junior high | 66 | 21.64 |
| High school | 114 | 37.38 |
| Working regain in Eastern | ||
| Alhasa | 182 | 59.87 |
| Aljubail | 3 | 0.99 |
| Al khobar | 11 | 3.62 |
| Alkhafji | 1 | 0.33 |
| Al dammam | 61 | 20.07 |
| Dahran | 1 | 0.33 |
| Qatif | 28 | 9.21 |
| Hafar al batin | 17 | 5.59 |
| Knowledge rate level about Tourette’s syndrome | ||
| Little or no knowledge | 196 | 64.26 |
| Somewhat knowledgeable | 98 | 32.13 |
| Very knowledgeable | 11 | 3.61 |
| Sources that primarily learn about the disorder | ||
| University or College training program | 24 | 7.87 |
| Workshops or seminars | 6 | 1.97 |
| Independent study | 10 | 3.28 |
| Parents of children with the disorder | 13 | 4.36 |
| Internet and social media | 107 | 35.08 |
| Personal experience working with children with Tourette Syndrome or other movement disorders | ||
| Yes | 46 | 15.08 |
| No | 259 | 84.92 |
| Intervention techniques to feel competent to employ with regard to Tourette Syndrome | ||
| Parent consultation | 146 | 47.9 |
| Teacher consultation | 82 | 26.9 |
| Parent education | 172 | 56.4 |
| Teacher education | 184 | 60.3 |
| Individual counseling | 81 | 26.6 |
| Social/group counselling | 119 | 39.0 |
| None of these | 45 | 14.8 |
| Don’t know | 10 | 2.6 |
Table 2
The elements of general knowledge of Tourette’s syndrome among teachers in the eastern region.
| STATEMENTS | RESPONSES n(%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| TRUE | FALSE | DON’T KNOW | |
| Both motor (physical) tics and (vocal) phonic tics | 201(65.90) | 22(7.21) | 82(26.89) |
| Ability to suppress tics for varying lengths of time | 84(27.54) | 96(31.48) | 125(40.98) |
| Both inappropriate words and physical restlessness | 185(60.66) | 36(11.80) | 84(27.54) |
| Onset of symptoms before the age of 18 | 142(46.56) | 54(17.70) | 109(35.74) |
| Symptoms have to be present continuously for 1 year without “symptom-free” periods. | 98(32.13) | 74(24.26) | 133(43.61) |
| AGREE | DISAGREE | DON’T KNOW | |
| Tourette Syndrome is a neurological and genetic disorder | 142(46.56) | 72(23.61) | 91(29.84) |
| Children with Tourette Syndrome often have obsessive-compulsive disorder | 89(29.18) | 97(31.80) | 119(39.02) |
| Tourette Syndrome is most effectively treated with stimulant medications | 87(28.52) | 94(30.82) | 124(40.66) |
| Tourette Syndrome occurs in equal numbers of boys and girls | 104(34.10) | 93(30.49) | 108(35.41) |
| Children with Tourette Syndrome often have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 155(50.82) | 48(15.74) | 102(33.44) |
| Saying inappropriate words is the most common symptom of Tourette Syndrome | 129(42.30) | 73(23.93) | 103(33.77) |
| The symptoms of Tourette Syndrome may not be seen for weeks at a time | 132(43.28) | 56(18.36) | 117(38.36) |
| Look for learning problems in math and written language, and reading in a child with Tourette’s syndrome. | 144(47.21) | 61(20) | 100(32.79) |
Figure 1
Categories of general knowledge of Tourette’s syndrome among teachers in the eastern region.
Figure 2
Flow chart of the final included studies in the review based on the PRISMA statement.
Table 3
The elements assess the knowledge of symptoms and treatment of Tourette’s syndrome among teachers in the eastern region.
| STATEMENTS | RESPONSES n(%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INAPPROPRIATE | SOMETIMES | OFTEN | APPROPRIATE | DON’T KNOW | |
| Allow the child to periodically leave the classroom | 64(98.20) | 129(30.42) | 38(46.12) | 30(84.9) | 44(43.14) |
| Establish a separate test-taking room for the child | 45(75.14) | 76(92.24) | 57(69.18) | 84(54.27) | 43(10.14) |
| Educate the child’s classmates about Tourette Syndrome | 26(52.8) | 34(15.11) | 42(77.13) | 164(77.53) | 39(79.12) |
| Gently remind the child to try and control his/her tics | 46(08.15) | 61(20) | 67(97.21) | 90(51.29) | 41(44.13) |
| Seat the child near the front of the classroom | 45(75.14) | 65(31.21) | 41(44.13) | 110(07.36) | 44(43.14) |
| Establish time limits for assignments and tests | 53(38.17) | 62(33.20) | 52(05.17) | 92(16.30) | 46(08.15) |
| AGREE | DISAGREE | DON’T KNOW | |||
| A child with Tourette Syndrome sometimes needs no treatment | 138(25.45) | 83(54.27) | 84(21.27) | ||
| Drugs can sometimes be used for children with tourette syndrome | 180(02.59) | 37(13.12) | 88(85.28) | ||
| Surgery is not needed for children with Tourette Syndrome | 132(28.43) | 57(69.18) | 116(03.38) | ||
| All children with Tourette Syndrome will get better as they get older | 138(25.45) | 54(70.17) | 113(05.37) | ||
Table 4
Associate the categories of total general knowledge about Tourette’s syndrome with related factors.
| FACTORS | KNOWLEDGE CATEGORIZES n(%) | P-VALUE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOOD | MODERATE | POOR | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 7(22.5) | 44(84.32) | 83(94.61) | 0.3 |
| Female | 11(43.6) | 68(77.39) | 92(80.53) | |
| Age | 45(38–51) | 45(37–48) | 41(32–48) | 0.07 |
| Teaching specialty | ||||
| Mathematics | 3(08.5) | 17(81.28) | 39(10.66) | 0.4 |
| Science | 4(33.5) | 32(67.42) | 39(52) | |
| English language | 2(76.4) | 10(81.23) | 30(43.71) | |
| Arabic language | 3(69.7) | 16(03.41) | 20(28.51) | |
| Physical education | 0 | 2(57.28) | 5(43.71) | |
| Arts | 0 | 0 | 2(100) | |
| Computer science | 1(10) | 5(50) | 4(40) | |
| Social studies | 2(10) | 12(60) | 6(30) | |
| Islamic studies | 2(33.8) | 10(67.41) | 12(50) | |
| Management science | 1(11.11) | 1(11.11) | 7(78.77) | |
| Life skills | 0 | 3(50.37) | 5(50.62) | |
| Preschool | 0 | 1(50) | 1(50) | |
| Special education | 0 | 3(50.37) | 5(50.62) | |
| Personal experience working with children with Tourette Syndrome or other movement disorders | 0.001** | |||
| Yes | 4(8.70) | 27(58.70) | 15(32.61) | |
| No | 14(41.5) | 85(82.32) | 160(78.61) | |
Table 5
Associate the categories of total knowledge of symptoms and treatment of Tourette’s syndrome with related factors.
| FACTORS | KNOWLEDGE CATEGORIZES n(%) | P-VALUE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOOD | MODERATE | POOR | ||
| Gender | 0.3 | |||
| Male | 12(8.96) | 52(38.81) | 70(52.24) | |
| Female | 19(11.11) | 77(45.03) | 75(43.86) | |
| Age | 45(38–51) | 45(37–48) | 41(32–48) | 0.07 |
| Teaching specialty | ||||
| Mathematics | 6(10.17) | 19(32.20) | 34(57.63) | 0.2 |
| Science | 2(2.67) | 34(45.33) | 39(52) | |
| English language | 6(14.29) | 18(42.86) | 18(42.86) | |
| Arabic language | 4(10.26) | 18(46.15) | 17(43.59) | |
| Physical education | 0 | 2(28.57) | 5(71.43) | |
| Arts | 0 | 1(50) | 1(50) | |
| Computer science | 2(20) | 6(60) | 2(20) | |
| Social studies | 3(15) | 9(45) | 8(40) | |
| Islamic studies | 5(20.83) | 13(54.17) | 6(25) | |
| Management science | 2(22.22) | 2(22.22) | 5(55.56) | |
| Life skills | 0 | 3(37.50) | 5(62.50) | |
| Preschool | 0 | 1(50) | 1(50) | |
| Special education | 1(12.50) | 3(37.50) | 4(50) | |
| Personal experience working with children with Tourette Syndrome or other movement disorders | ||||
| Yes | 6(13.04) | 29(63.04) | 11(23.91) | 0.002** |
| No | 25(9.65) | 100(38.61) | 134(51.74) | |