Figure 1
Medication Status of Patients with Essential Tremor.
Table 1
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between the adherent and non-adherent patients to medication.
| VARIABLES | NON-ADHERENT (n = 231) | ADHERENT (n = 87) | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male, %) | 113 (48.9%) | 41 (47.1%) | 0.776 |
| Age (years) | 62 (51.5, 69) | 62 (54.5, 68) | 0.646 |
| Age at onset (years) | 48 (35, 60) | 52 (42.5, 60) | 0.483 |
| Duration (years) | 10 (4, 20) | 8 (4, 12) | 0.239 |
| Education level (years) | 11 (6, 12) | 9 (6, 12) | 0.396 |
| Area (urban/rural) | 103/128 | 51/36 | 0.026 |
| Tremor distribution | |||
| Head tremor (%) | 58 (25.1%) | 37 (42.5%) | 0.002 |
| Face tremor (%) | 62 (26.8%) | 25 (28.7%) | 0.735 |
| Voice tremor (%) | 63 (27.3%) | 27 (31.0%) | 0.507 |
| Lower limbs tremor (%) | 57 (24.7%) | 23 (26.4%) | 0.747 |
| ET plus (%) | 137 (59.3%) | 65 (74.7%) | 0.011 |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 65 (28.1%) | 35 (40.2%) | 0.038 |
| Rest tremor | 34 (14.7%) | 13 (14.9%) | 0.960 |
| Questionable dystonic posturing | 50 (21.6%) | 25 (28.7%) | 0.184 |
| Impaired tandem gait | 42 (18.2%) | 20 (23.0%) | 0.335 |
| TETRAS-I score | 13 (8, 20) | 15 (10, 22.5) | 0.047 |
| TETRAS-II score | 17 (14, 21) | 20 (15, 24.75) | 0.008 |
| MMSE score | 28 (25, 29) | 27 (24, 29) | 0.094 |
| MoCA score | 26 (23, 27.5) | 25 (21, 27) | 0.021 |
| NMSS score | 11 (4, 20) | 12 (6, 19) | 0.607 |
| Cardiovascular subscore | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.023 |
| Sleep/fatigue subscore | 3 (0, 6) | 3 (0, 6) | 0.541 |
| Mood/cognition subscore | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 3) | 0.208 |
| Perceptual problems subscore | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.302 |
| Attention/memory subscore | 3 (0, 4) | 4 (0, 4) | 0.140 |
| Gastrointestinal subscore | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 2) | 0.255 |
| Urinary subscore | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 0.456 |
| Sexual function subscore | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.457 |
| Miscellaneous subscore | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 0.927 |
[i] Note: TETRAS = Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NMSS = Non-motor Symptoms Scale.
Bold values represent statistically significant differences.
Table 2
Factors associated with adherence to anti-tremor medication.
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLES | UNIVARIATE P–VALUE* | ODDS RATIO/95% CI | MULTIVARIATE P–VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| GENDER (MALE, %) | 0.776 | – | Not included |
| Age (years) | 0.976 | – | Not included |
| Age at onset (years) | 0.303 | – | Not included |
| Duration (years) | 0.120 | – | Not included |
| Education level (years) | 0.979 | – | Not included |
| Area (urban) | 0.025 | 1.775/1.066–2.957 | 0.028 |
| Head tremor | 0.003 | 1.936/1.125–3.332 | 0.017 |
| Face tremor | 0.768 | – | Not included |
| Voice tremor | 0.507 | – | Not included |
| Lower limbs tremor | 0.747 | – | Not included |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 0.039 | 0.720/0.330–1.571 | 0.106 |
| Rest tremor | 0.960 | – | Not included |
| Questionable dystonic posturing | 0.186 | – | Not included |
| Impaired tandem gait | 0.336 | – | Not included |
| TETRAS–I score | 0.089 | Not included | |
| TETRAS–II score | 0.007 | 1.041/1.001–1.082 | 0.047 |
| MMSE score | 0.125 | – | Not included |
| MoCA score | 0.048 | 0.978/0.891–1.074 | 0.144 |
| NMSS score | 0.792 | – | Not included |
[i] Note: TETRAS = Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale = MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NMSS = Non-motor Symptoms Scale.
Bold values represent statistically significant differences.