Adult-Onset Myoclonus: Comparisons and Contrasts in the Inpatient and Outpatient Settings
References
- 1Latorre A, van der Veen S, Pena A, Truong D, Erro R, Frucht S, Ganos C, Hallett M, Perez-Duenas B, Rossi M, Roze E, Vidailhet M, de Koning-Tijssen M, Caviness J. IAPRD new consensus classification of myoclonus. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. 2025;132. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107216
- 2Mills K, Mari Z. An Update and Review of the Treatment of Myoclonus. Current Neurological Neuroscience Repository. 2015;15(1): 10.10.1007/s11910-014-0512-2
- 3Zutt R, Elting J, van der Hoeven J, Lange F, Tijssen M. Myoclonus subtypes in tertiary referral center: Cortical myoclonus and functional jerks are common. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2017;128(1):253–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.093
- 4Zutt R, van Egmond M, Elting J, van Laar P, Brouwer O, Sival D, Kremer H, de Koning T, Tijssen M. A novel diagnostic approach to patients with myoclonus. Nature Reviews: Neurology. 2015;11:687–97. DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.198
- 5Caviness J. Treatment of myoclonus. Neurotherapeutics. 2014;11(1):188–200. DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0216-3
- 6Faught E. Clinical presentations and phenomenology of myoclonus. Epilepsia. 2003;44(1):7–12. DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.44.s11.3.x
- 7Albanese A, Del Sorbo F. Dystonia and tremor: the clinical syndromes with isolated tremor. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 2016;6(319):1–10. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.315
- 8Vercueli L. Myoclonus and movement disorders. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2006;36(5–6):327–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.12.002
- 9Merchant S, Vial-Undurraga F, Leodori G, van Gerpen J, Hallett M. Myoclonus: an electrophysiological diagnosis. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. 2020;7(5):489–99. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12986
- 10Van Zijl J, Beudel M, Elting J, de Jong B, van der Naalt J, van den Bergh W, Rossetti A, Tijssen M, Horn J. The inter-rater variability of clinical assessment in post-anoxic myoclonus. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 2017;7(470):1–6. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.343
- 11Zutt R, Elting J, van Zijl J, Han van der Hoeven J, Roosendaal C, Gelauff J, Peall K, Tijssen M. Electrophysiologic testing aids diagnosis and subtyping of myoclonus. Neurology. 2018;90(8):e647–57. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004996
- 12Everlo C, Elting J, Tijssen M, van der Stouwe A. Electrophysiological testing aids the diagnosis of tremor and myoclonus in clinically challenging patients. Clinical Neurophysiology Practice. 2022;7:51–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2021.12.002
- 13Oh K, Hamed M, Zarandi D, Oluleye M, Zaher A, Elsayegh J, Rizly S, Ma X, Ooi H, Sarva H, Salgado M, Victor D. Adult-onset Myoclonus in a large urban inpatient setting: a retrospective cohort study. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 2025;15(1):2, pp. 1–8. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.977
- 14Rissardo J, Caprara A, Bhal N, Repudi R, Zlatin L, Walker I. Drug-induced myoclonus: a systematic review. Medicina. 2025;61(1):131. DOI: 10.3390/medicina61010131
- 15Caviness J, Alving L, Maraganore D, Black R, Mcdonnell S, Rocca W. The incidence and prevalence of myoclonus in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1999;74(6):565–9. DOI: 10.4065/74.6.565
- 16Kojovic M, Cardovari C, Bhatia K. Myoclonic disorders: a practical approach for diagnosis and treatment. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2011;4(1):47–62. DOI: 10.1177/1756285610395653
- 17Rissardo J, Muhammad S, Yatakarla V, Vora N, Paras P, Caprara A. Flapping tremor: unraveling asterixis – a narrative review. Medicina. 2024;60(3). DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030362
- 18Pal G, Lin M, Laureno R. Asterixis: a study of 103 patients. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2014;29:813–24. DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9514-7
- 19Van der Salm S, Koelman J, Henneke S, van Rootselaar A, Tijssen M. Axial jerks: a clinical spectrum ranging from propriospinal to psychogenic myoclonus. J Neurol. 2010;257(8):1349–55. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5531-6
- 20Riva A, D’Onofrio G, Ferlazzo E, Pascarella A, Pasini E, Franceschetti S, Panzica F, Canafoglia L, Vignoli A, Coppola A, Badioni V, Beccaria F, Labate A, Gambardella A, Romeo A, Capovilla G, Michelucci R, Striano P, Belcastro V. Myoclonus: differential diagnosis and current management. Epilepsia. 2024;9:486–500. DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12917
- 21Chandarana M, Uddit S, Divya K, Krishnan S, Kishore A. Myoclonus – a review. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2021;24(3):327–38. DOI: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_1180_20
- 22Caviness J. Treatment of myoclonus. Neurotherapeutics. 2014;11(1):188–200. DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0216-3
- 23Hamada M. Myoclonus. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice; 2025. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.70199
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.1077 | Journal eISSN: 2160-8288
Language: English
Submitted on: Jul 17, 2025
Accepted on: Jul 24, 2025
Published on: Nov 10, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
© 2025 Moath Hamed, Karin Oh, Donna Zarandi, Moyosore Oluleye, Anas Zaher, Jude Elsaygh, Shaheen Rizly, Xiaoyue Ma, Hwai Yin Ooi, Harini Sarva, Miran Salgado, Daryl Victor, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.